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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-11-1235-1239</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-446</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выделение эпителиальных клеток из образцов мочи человека для цитогенетической и цитотоксической оценки эффектов факторов среды микроядерным методом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Separation of exfoliated epithelial cells from human urine samples for cytogenetic and cytotoxic evaluation of the effects of factors by the micronucleus assay</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5057-9514</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Светлана Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Svetlana M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биол. наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории генетической токсикологии с группой цитогистологии ФГБУ ЦСП Минздрава России, 119121, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: shersvetlana@bk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., researcher of the laboratory of genetic toxicology with a group of cytohistology of the Center for Strategic Planning, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: shersvetlana@bk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shersvetlana@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Strategic Planning, Russian Ministry of Health</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1235</fpage><lpage>1239</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванова С.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванова С.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanova S.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/446">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/446</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Многочисленные исследовательские работы указывают на существование взаимосвязи между риском развития рака мочевого пузыря и увеличением в моче количества эксфолиативных эпителиальных клеток (ЭЭК) с микроядрами (МЯ). Поскольку рак в большинстве случаев развивается именно из эпителиальных клеток, необходима стандартизированная методика их выделения и анализа. При оценке мутагенности, токсичности фактора, класса опасности важно оценивать не только его цитогенетическое, но и цитотоксическое воздействие.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В качестве метода выделения клеток из образцов мочи использовали модифицированный нами способ Stich. Для оценки цитогенетических повреждений в ЭЭК применяли МЯ-тест.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Результатом наших исследований стала приведённая в статье упрощённая модифицированная методика выделения клеток из образцов мочи, их окраска, микрофото, критерии анализа цитогенетического и цитотоксического воздействия. Применяя модифицированную методику, мы нашли, что примерно 75% клеток в моче у женщин поступают в мочу из половой системы. При тампонаде уменьшается количество клеток плоского эпителия в среднем в 2 раза и уменьшается число лизированных клеток в среднем в 3,5 раза, но увеличивается в 2 раза показатель пролиферации (частота двуядерных клеток). При этом увеличивается чувствительность самого метода вследствие увеличения числа взятых в анализ уротелиальных клеток, которые обладают большей чувствительностью к цитогенетическим воздействиям. Предложенный нами расширенный протокол анализа ЭЭК мочи с фиксацией цитотоксических повреждений (частота встречаемости клеток с конденсацией, лизисом, вакуолизацией ядра) и изменений в пролиферации увеличивает чувствительность и информативность метода.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Таким образом, разработанная нами модификация метода МЯ-теста в ЭЭК мочи является информативной – демонстрирует генотоксические и цитотоксические повреждения, изменения в пролиферации, наличие воспалительного процесса и его причину. Тест является экономичным, подходит для массового мониторинга населения, так как неинвазивный и позволяет собирать материал вне клиники.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Numerous research studies indicate a relationship between the risk of developing bladder cancer and an increase in the number of exfoliative epithelial cells (EEC) with micronuclei (MN) in the urine. Since cancer in most cases develops precisely from epithelial cells, a standardized method for their isolation and analysis is needed. When assessing mutagenicity, the toxicity of a factor, hazard class, it is important to evaluate not only it is cytogenetic but also cytotoxic effect.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. As a method for isolating cells from urine samples, we used the modified Stich method. To assess cytogenetic damage in the EEC, the ME test was used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The result of our research was the simplified modified method for isolating cells from urine samples given in the article, their color, microphotograph, and criteria for analyzing cytogenetic and cytotoxic effects. Using a modified method, we found that approximately 75% of the cells in the urine of women enter the urine from the reproductive system. With tamponade, the number of squamous epithelium cells decreases average by 2 times and the number of lysed cells decreases average by 3.5 times, but the proliferation rate increases (the frequency of binuclear cells) by 2 times. At the same time, the sensitivity of the method itself increases as a result of a the gain in the number of urothelial cells taken in the analysis, which are more sensitive to cytogenetic effects. The proposed advanced protocol for the analysis of the EEC of urine with the fixation of cytotoxic damage (the frequency of occurrence of cells with condensation, lysis, vacuolization of the nucleus) and changes in proliferation (the frequency of dual-core cells) increases the sensitivity and informativeness of the method.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Thus, the modification of the MN method of the urine EEC test developed by us is informative as it demonstrates genotoxic and cytotoxic damage, changes in proliferation, the presence of an inflammatory process and its cause. The test is economical, suitable for the mass monitoring of the population because it is non-invasive and allows collecting material outside the clinic.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроядра</kwd><kwd>эксфолиативные эпителиальные клетки</kwd><kwd>рак мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>образцы мочи</kwd><kwd>влагалищная тампонада</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>micronuclei kinetics</kwd><kwd>exfoliated epithelial cells</kwd><kwd>bladder cancer</kwd><kwd>urine samples</kwd><kwd>vaginal tamponade</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Состояние онкологической помощи населению России в 2015 году. Под ред. 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