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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-11-1356-1360</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">dpiybs</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4462</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетический профиль детей с патологией костно-мышечной системы в условиях аэрогенной экспозиции тяжёлыми металлами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic profile in children with musculoskeletal pathology under conditions of airborne exposure to heavy metals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6173-6017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Отавина</surname><given-names>Елена Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Otavina</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: eleninca@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher of the Department of Immunobiological Diagnostic Methods of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: eleninca@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eleninca@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-3930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакова</surname><given-names>Ольга Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ст. науч. сотр., зав. лаб. иммуногенетики отд. иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher, Head of the Immunogenetics Laboratory of the Department of Immunobiological Diagnostic Methods of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1356</fpage><lpage>1360</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Отавина Е.А., Казакова О.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Отавина Е.А., Казакова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Otavina E.A., Kazakova O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4462">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4462</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Возникновение нарушений опорно-двигательного аппарата во многом обусловлено загрязнением окружающей среды, в особенности тяжёлыми металлами. Свинец, марганец и никель – наиболее распространённые и токсичные из поллютантов, негативно воздействуют на незрелую костную, иммунную и нервную систему детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено изучение гомеостаза и генетического профиля 108 школьников 7–11 лет с дорсопатией из промышленно развитого региона. Группа наблюдения отличалась наличием дорсалгии (класс М54.9). Полиморфные варианты кандидатных генов: рецептора дофамина DRD2 (rs1800497), главного комплекса гистосовместимости HLA-DRA C/T (rs3135388) идентифицированы методом ПЦР в режиме реального времени.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Среднесуточная доза аэрогенной экспозиции никелем (6,39 · 10–3 мг/(кг · день)), марганцем (15,3 · 10–3 мг/(кг · день)) и свинцом (0,6 · 10–3 мг/(кг · день)) на территории наблюдения в 35,5; 43,7 и 11,8 раза соответственно превышала аналогичную нагрузку территории сравнения. У школьников с дорсопатией, сочетающейся с дорсалгией, содержание марганца, никеля и свинца в крови превышало референтный диапазон в 1,3; 1,43 и 2 раза соответственно. Одновременно у детей группы наблюдения показана повышенная частотность вариантного T-аллеля гена DRD2 (rs1800497) (OR = 3,76; CI: 1,53–9,28, относительный риск: RR = 1,73; CI: 1,33–2,22; p &lt; 0,005) и C-аллеля гена HLA-DRA C/T (rs3135388) (OR = 4,4; CI: 1,30–14,95), сопряжённые с избыточными уровнями дофамина и ионизированного кальция.</p><p>Ограничения исследования связаны с необходимостью увеличения выборки и верификации полученных результатов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Установлены среднесуточные дозы аэрогенной экспозиции никелем (6,39 · 10–3 мг/(кг · день)), марганцем (15,3 · 10–3 мг/(кг · день)) и свинцом (0,6 · 10–3 мг/(кг · день)), превышающие аналогичные показатели, выявленные в группе сравнения, – в 35,5; 43,7 и 11,8 раза соответственно. Показаны особенности полиморфизма кандидатных генов DRD2 (rs1800497) и HLA-DRA C/T (rs3135388) у детей с дорсопатией, осложнённой синдромом дорсалгии, сопряжённые с нарушениями нейроиммунного контроллинга, плотности костной ткани, обусловливающие дополнительный риск (RR = 1,73; CI: 1,33–2,22) возникновения патологии костно-мышечной системы в условиях контаминации биосред свинцом, марганцем, никелем, модифицирующей течение дорсопатии присоединением дорсалгии.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено этическим комитетом ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН» (протокол № 7 от 14.03.2023 г.). Все участники (или их законные представители) дали информированное добровольное письменное согласие на участие в исследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Отавина Е.А. – сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка, написание и редактирование текста; Казакова О.А. – статистическая обработка, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 12.08.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 23.08.2024 / Принята к печати: 19.11.2024 / Опубликована: 17.12.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system develop largely due to environmental pollution, especially with heavy metals. Lead, manganese, and nickel are the most common and toxic pollutants that affect on the immature bone, immune, and nervous systems in children.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We examined homeostasis and the genetic profile of one hundred eight 7–11 years schoolchildren with dorsopathy from an industrially developed region. The observation group was made of children with dorsalgia (class M54.9). Polymorphic variants of candidate genes, dopamine receptor DRD2 (rs1800497) and the main histocompatibility complex HLA-DRA C/T (rs3135388), were identified by real-time PCR.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The average daily dose of exposure to airborne nickel (6.39 µg/(kg · day)), manganese (15.3 µg/(kg · day)), and lead (0.6 µg/(kg · day)) was 35.5, 43.7 and 11.8 times higher in the observation area against the reference one. Schoolchildren with dorsopathy, combined with dorsalgia, had levels of manganese, nickel and lead in blood 1.3, 1.43, and 2 times higher respectively than the reference range. At the same time, the children from the observation group showed increased frequency of the variant T-allele of the DRD2 gene (rs1800497) (OR=3.76; CI: 1.53–9.28, relative risk: RR=1.73; CI: 1.33–2.22; p&lt;0.005) and the C-allele of the HLA-DRA C/T gene (rs3135388) (OR=4.40; CI: 1.30–14.95) associated with excessive levels of dopamine and ionized calcium.</p><p>Limitations of the study are related to the need to increase the sample and verify the obtained results.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Established average daily doses of exposure to airborne nickel, manganese and lead (6.39 µg/(kg · day), 15.3 µg/(kg · day) and 0.6 µg/(kg · day)) were 35.5, 43.7 and 11.8 times respectively higher for the observation group against the reference one. The study reported features of polymorphism of candidate genes DRD2 (rs1800497) and HLA-DRA C/T (rs3135388) in children with dorsopathy complicated by dorsalgia syndrome, associated with disorders of neuroimmune controlling and bone density. They cause additional risk (RR=1.73; CI:1.33–2.22) of pathology of the musculoskeletal system in case biological media are contaminated with lead, manganese, and nickel, which modifies the course of dorsopathy by adding dorsalgia.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Ethics committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies (Protocol No.7 of March 14, 2023). All participants (or their legal representatives) gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Otavina E.A. – data collection and analysis, statistical analysis, writing the text; Kazakova O.A. – statistical analysis, writing the text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and have approved its final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: August 12, 2024 / Revised: August 23, 2024 / Accepted: November 19, 2024 / Published: December 17, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>марганец</kwd><kwd>никель</kwd><kwd>свинец</kwd><kwd>дорсопатия</kwd><kwd>дорсалгия</kwd><kwd>ген рецептора дофамина DRD2 (rs1800497)</kwd><kwd>ген главного комплекса гистосовместимости HLA-DRA C/T (rs3135388)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>manganese</kwd><kwd>nickel</kwd><kwd>lead</kwd><kwd>dorsopathy</kwd><kwd>dorsalgia</kwd><kwd>dopamine receptor gene DRD2 (rs1800497)</kwd><kwd>the main histocompatibility complex HLA-DRA C/T (rs3135388)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Валина С.Л., Штина И.Е., Маклакова О.А., Устинова О.Ю., Эйсфельд Д.А. 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