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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-11-1405-1411</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">svjwqh</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4469</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методические подходы к гигиенической оценке безопасных расстояний при выполнении сельскохозяйственных работ с помощью беспилотных авиационных систем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methodological approaches to hygienic assessment of safe distances when performing agricultural work using unmanned aircraft systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-6507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракитский</surname><given-names>Валерий Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakitskii</surname><given-names>Valerii N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, научный руководитель Института гигиены, токсикологии пестицидов и химической безопасности ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, Россия</p><p>e-mail: rakitskii.vn@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, academician of the RAS, Scientific Director of the Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: rakitskii.vn@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rakitskii.vn@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0209-9732</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmin</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, директор ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, Россия</p><p>e-mail: kuzmin.sv@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, Director of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: kuzmin.sv@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzmin.sv@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9501-092X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березняк</surname><given-names>Ирина Владиславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bereznyak</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. отд. гигиены труда Института гигиены, токсикологии пестицидов и химической безопасности ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, Россия</p><p>e-mail: bereznyak.iv@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, head of the Occupational Health Dept. of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: bereznyak.iv@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bereznyak.iv@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8853-5416</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мишина</surname><given-names>Анна Леонидовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishina</surname><given-names>Anna L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, гл. специалист отд. анализа риска здоровью населения, вед. науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии Института гигиены, токсикологии пестицидов и химической безопасности ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, Россия</p><p>e-mail: mishina.al@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), chief specialist of the Dept. of Public Health Risk Analysis, leading researcher of the Dept. of Toxicology of the Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: mishina.al@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mishina.al@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0444-1095</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вещемова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veshchemova</surname><given-names>Tatiana E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены труда Института гигиены, токсикологии пестицидов и химической безопасности ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, Россия</p><p>e-mail: veshchemova.te@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), senior researcher at the Occupational Hygiene Dept. of the Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: veshchemova.te@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">veshchemova.te@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6686-2450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемова</surname><given-names>Ольга Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены труда Института гигиены, токсикологии пестицидов и химической безопасности ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, Россия</p><p>e-mail: artemova.ov@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher at the Occupational Hygiene Dept. of the Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: artemova.ov@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artemova.ov@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1405</fpage><lpage>1411</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ракитский В.Н., Кузьмин С.В., Березняк И.В., Мишина А.Л., Вещемова Т.Е., Артемова О.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ракитский В.Н., Кузьмин С.В., Березняк И.В., Мишина А.Л., Вещемова Т.Е., Артемова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rakitskii V.N., Kuzmin S.V., Bereznyak I.V., Mishina A.L., Veshchemova T.E., Artemova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4469">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4469</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Методы и технологии оценки и управления риском становятся базовыми механизмами обеспечения защищённости здоровья граждан и окружающей среды от вредного воздействия факторов среды обитания. Это объясняется наличием постоянных угроз, связанных с влиянием данных факторов, в том числе при использовании современных способов внесения средств химизации при выполнении сельскохозяйственных работ. Сельскохозяйственные беспилотные авиационные системы (СБАС), предназначенные для распыления пестицидов, всё чаще используются во всём мире. Основой безопасного применения пестицидов для населения является минимизация возможности их распространения по воздуху и оседания на почву за пределами обрабатываемого участка, что обеспечивается соблюдением гигиенических требований, предъявляемых к оборудованию, используемому в сельском хозяйстве, регламентам применения, метеоусловиям во время обработки и размерам санитарного разрыва между обрабатываемым участком и населёнными пунктами, водными объектами и т. д.</p><p>Цель исследования состояла в обосновании безопасных расстояний от участков сельскохозяйственного применения пестицидов с помощью СБАС до нормируемых в соответствии с санитарным законодательством объектов (населённых пунктов, источников хозяйственно-питьевого и культурно-бытового водопользования и т. д.).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Изучен снос, формирующийся при применении пестицидов различного назначения с использованием СБАС. Проведён контроль содержания препаратов, унесённых воздушными потоками, путём измерения концентраций действующих веществ в атмосферном воздухе и осевших на фильтры «синяя лента», помещённые в чашки Петри за границей полосы обработки.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Максимальные концентрации веществ в атмосферном воздухе на всех расстояниях от участка обработки были ниже их гигиенических нормативов для атмосферного воздуха. В пробах воздуха по мере удаления от обработанного участка прослеживается чёткое снижение концентраций и нелинейное убывание с наличием слабых локальных максимумов концентраций в седиментационных пробах.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Небольшая выборка изученных веществ, обусловленная ограниченным временем исследования, не позволяет однозначно выявить закономерности формирования сносов в зависимости от их физико-химических свойств, в частности летучести, молекулярной массы и т. д.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о необходимости продолжения исследований для аргументированной корректировки или подтверждения предлагаемого по результатам проведённых испытаний безопасного расстояния (700 м) от обрабатываемых пестицидами участков до нормируемых в соответствии с санитарным законодательством объектов.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Ракитский В.Н. – концепция и дизайн исследования, научное руководство; Кузьмин С.В. – научное руководство; Березняк И.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, анализ и интерпретация результатов, статистическая обработка, написание текста; Мишина А.Л. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала, обработка и визуализация данных, анализ и интерпретация результатов, написание текста; Вещемова Т.Е. – сбор данных литературы, обработка данных, написание текста; Артемова О.В. – сбор материала и обработка данных. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках отраслевой программы Роспотребнадзора «Научное обоснование национальной системы обеспечения санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия, управления рисками здоровью и повышения качества жизни населения России» (2021–2025 гг.).</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 28.10.2024 / Принята к печати: 19.11.2024 / Опубликована: 17.12.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Methods and technologies for assessing and managing risk are becoming the basic mechanisms for ensuring the protection of the health in citizens and the environment from the harmful effects of environmental factors. This is explained by the presence of constant threats associated with the influence of these factors, including the use of modern methods of introducing chemicals during agricultural work. Agricultural unmanned aircraft systems (AUAS) designed to spray pesticides are increasingly being used around the world. The basis for the safe use of pesticides for the population is to minimize the possibility of their spread through the air and settling on the soil outside the treated area, which is ensured by compliance with hygienic requirements for equipment used in agriculture, application regulations, weather conditions during processing, and the size of the sanitary gap between the treated area and settlements, water bodies, etc.</p><p>The purpose of this study was to substantiate the safe distances from areas of agricultural application of pesticides using AUAS to objects regulated in accordance with sanitary legislation (settlements, sources of household, drinking and cultural water use, etc.).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The demolition formed during the application of pesticides of various purposes using AUAS has been studied. The content of drugs carried away by air currents was monitored by measuring the concentration of the substance in the atmospheric air and deposited on the “blue ribbon” filters placed in Petri dishes outside the processing band.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The maximum concentrations of substances in the atmospheric air at all distances from the treatment site were below their hygienic standards for atmospheric air. There is a clear decrease in concentrations in air samples as they move away from the treated area and a nonlinear decrease in concentrations in sedimentation samples with the presence of weak local maxima.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. A small sample of the studied substances, due to the limited time of the study, does not allow unambiguously identifying the patterns of drift formation depending on their physical-chemical properties, in particular volatility, molecular weight, etc.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The data obtained indicate to the need to continue research for a reasoned correction or confirmation, proposed based on the results of the tests, of the safe distance (700 m) from the sites treated with pesticides to the facilities normalized in accordance with sanitary legislation.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. This study does not require the conclusion of a biomedical ethics committee or other documents.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Rakitskii V.N. – concept and design of research, scientific guidance; Kuzmin S.V. – scientific guidance; Bereznyak I.V. – concept and design of research, material collection and data processing, analysis and interpretation of results, statistical processing, writing text; Mishina A.L. – concept and design of research, collection of material, data processing and visualization, analysis and interpretation of results, writing text; Veshchemova T.E. – literature data collection, data processing, writing text; Artemova O.V. – material collection and data processing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study was carried out within the framework of the of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) industry program “Scientific substantiation of the national system for ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being, health risk management and improving the quality of life of the Russian population” (2021–2025).</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: October 28, 2024 / Accepted: November 19, 2024 / Published: December 17, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пестициды</kwd><kwd>беспилотные авиационные системы</kwd><kwd>атмосферный воздух</kwd><kwd>сносы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pesticides</kwd><kwd>unmanned aircraft systems</kwd><kwd>atmospheric air</kwd><kwd>demolitions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попова А.Ю., Гурвич В.Б., Кузьмин С.В., Орлов М.С., Ярушин С.В., Мишина А.Л. 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