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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-11-1412-1416</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">twibii</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4470</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биомаркёры аэрогенной экспозиции формальдегидом на примере детского населения с аллергопатологией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biomarkers of exposure to airborne formaldehyde in children with allergic pathologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2057-9828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аликина</surname><given-names>Инга Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alikina</surname><given-names>Inga N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отд. иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: alikina.in@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher of the Department of Immunobiological Diagnostics, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: alikina.in@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alikina.in@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-3145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>Оleg V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. отд. иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: oleg@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Immunobiological Diagnostics, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: oleg@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleg@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1412</fpage><lpage>1416</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аликина И.Н., Долгих О.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аликина И.Н., Долгих О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alikina I.N., Dolgikh О.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4470">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4470</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Формальдегид (ФА) является распространённым поллютантом и аллергеном. Предполагается, что он увеличивает риск развития ассоциированных с иммунной системой заболеваний [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]. Известно, что ассоциированные с аллергией фенотипы Т-лимфоцитов значительно преобладают в крови человека, который постоянно подвергается воздействию ФА [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit2">2</xref>].</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Были обследованы 74 ребёнка в возрасте от 7 до 13 лет, проживающих вблизи санитарно-защитной зоны предприятия металлообрабатывающей промышленности, где концентрации формальдегида в атмосферном воздухе соответствуют 0,6 ПДКс.с. (34 из которых – дети, имеющие заболевания аллергической природы). Иммунологические параметры были измерены с помощью проточной цитометрии и иммуноферментного анализа. Генетический анализ проводился с использованием полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) в реальном времени.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У детей основной группы уровень формальдегида в крови был значительно выше, чем в группе сравнения (р &lt; 0,05). Сравнительный анализ кластеров клеточной дифференцировки в анализируемых группах позволил выявить достоверную гиперэкспрессию регуляторных медиаторов в группе наблюдения: CD277+, CD284+, специфического IgЕ к формальдегиду в 1,2–3,4 раза относительно группы сравнения. Анализ причинно-следственных связей продемонстрировал положительную корреляционную связь уровня формальдегида в крови с гиперэкспрессией CD277+ как костимулирующим фактором аллергических и аутоиммунных заболеваний, а оценка относительного риска развития аллергических реакций в условиях контаминации формальдегидом показала наличие риска избыточной экспрессии CD284+, участвующего в формировании аллергии.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Ограниченная по количеству обследованных детей выборка.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Низкоуровневая аэрогенная экспозиция формальдегидом в среднесуточной дозе приводит к его избыточной контаминации в биосредах, сопровождается формированием общей и специфической к изучаемому токсиканту сенсибилизации детского организма, сопровождается гиперэкспрессией CD277+ и CD284+, что на фоне полиморфизма гена GPx4 C718T rs713041 свидетельствует о повышении риска развития аллергопатологии у генетически рандомизированной выборки в условиях контаминации формальдегидом.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование проводилось в полном соответствии с этическими принципами Хельсинкской декларации и Национальным стандартом Российской Федерации ГОСТ-Р 52379–2005. По итогам заседания Комиссии было подготовлено заключение Локального комитета по этике, созданного на базе Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «ФНЦ медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» (Протокол № 8 от 14.03.2023 г.). Все участники (или их законные представители) дали информированное добровольное письменное согласие на участие в исследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Аликина И.Н. – сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование;Долгих О.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 09.09.2024 / Принята к печати: 19.11.2024 / Опубликована: 17.12.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Formaldehyde (FA) is a wide-spread pollutant and allergen. It is believed to create elevated risks of diseases associated with the immune system. Allergy-associated phenotypes of T-lymphocytes are known to prevail significantly in blood of people who are permanently exposed to FA.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Seventy four 7 to 13 years children living near the sanitary protection zone of a metalworking enterprise, where the concentrations of formaldehyde in the atmospheric air correspond to 0.6 MPCa.d. (34 of whom are children with allergic diseases). Immunological indices were measured using flow cytometry and enzyme immunoassay. The genetic analysis was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the children of the main group, the FA blood level was significantly higher than in the comparison group (p &lt; 0.05). Comparative analysis of cell differentiation clusters in the examined groups established in the test group authentic hyperexpression of some regulatory mediators including CD277+, CD284+, and IgЕ specific to FA. Their levels were 1.2–3.4 times higher than in the reference group. Our analysis of cause-effect relations showed a positive correlation between FA blood levels and CD277+ hyperexpression as a co-stimulating factor able to cause allergic and autoimmune diseases. We also assessed a relative risk of allergic reactions under formaldehyde contamination; as a result, we detected a risk of excessive expression of CD284+, which participates in the development of allergy.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The sample was limited to the number of examined children.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Low-level exposure to airborne FA creates its elevated levels in biological media; is accompanied with general sensitization in a child’s body as well as specific one to the analyzed toxicant; is associated with CD277+ and CD284+ hyperexpression. The latter, with rs713041 polymorphism of the GPx4 C718T gene in the background, indicates an elevated risk that allergic pathology may develop in a genetically randomized sample under formaldehyde contamination.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Helsinki Declaration, as well as the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST-R 52379–2005, which is based on the recommendations on good clinical practice (ICH E6 GCP) The World Medical Association. Following the meeting of the Commission, the conclusion of the Local Ethics Committee was prepared, created on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk management Technologies of the Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing “ (Protocol No. 8 of 03/14/2023). All participants (or their legal representatives) gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions: Alikina I.N. – data collection and analysis, writing and editing the text; Dolgikh O.V. – study concept and design, writing, and editing the text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and the approval of the final version of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: September 9, 2024 / Accepted: November 19, 2024 / Published: December 17, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аэрогенная экспозиция</kwd><kwd>формальдегид</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>аллергия</kwd><kwd>кластеры клеточной дифференцировки</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм гена</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>airborne exposure</kwd><kwd>formaldehyde</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>allergy</kwd><kwd>cell differentiation clusters</kwd><kwd>gene polymorphism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jia X., Jia Q., Zhang Z., Gao W., Zhang X., Niu Y., et al. Effects of formaldehyde on lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in the peripheral blood of exposed workers. 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