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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-11-1423-1428</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ozbxtk</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4472</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка нейротоксичности нанокомпозита гадолиния</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of neurotoxicity of gadolinium nanocomposite</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6100-6292</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>Михаил Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: novik-imt@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Biomodelling and Translational Medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665826, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: novik-imt@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">novik-imt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0665-8060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титов</surname><given-names>Евгений Алексеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titov</surname><given-names>Evgeny A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: g57097@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Biomodelling and Translational Medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665826, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: g57097@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g57097@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9686-3841</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якимова</surname><given-names>Наталья Леонидовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakimova</surname><given-names>Natalia L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ynl-77@list.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Biomodelling and Translational Medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665826, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ynl-77@list.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ynl-77@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8165-8052</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вокина</surname><given-names>Вера Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vokina</surname><given-names>Vera A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: vokina.vera@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of  Biomodelling and Translational Medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665826, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: vokina.vera@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vokina.vera@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6012-0173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панкова</surname><given-names>Анна Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankova</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: nyuta.pankova.96@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Biomodelling and Translational Medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665826, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: nyuta.pankova.96@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nyuta.pankova.96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5349-9867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрынник</surname><given-names>Анна Станиславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skrynnik</surname><given-names>Anna S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: annaskrynnik675@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Biomodelling and Translational Medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665826, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: annaskrynnik675@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annaskrynnik675@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8238-7189</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лизарев</surname><given-names>Александр Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lizarev</surname><given-names>Aleksander V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: lis_lu154@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Biomodelling and Translational Medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665826, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: lis_lu154@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lis_lu154@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1052-4601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соседова</surname><given-names>Лариса Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosedova</surname><given-names>Larisa M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: sosedlar@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of Laboratory of Biomodelling and Translational Medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665826, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: sosedlar@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sosedlar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>East Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1423</fpage><lpage>1428</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Новиков М.А., Титов Е.А., Якимова Н.Л., Вокина В.А., Панкова А.А., Скрынник А.С., Лизарев А.В., Соседова Л.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новиков М.А., Титов Е.А., Якимова Н.Л., Вокина В.А., Панкова А.А., Скрынник А.С., Лизарев А.В., Соседова Л.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novikov M.A., Titov E.A., Yakimova N.L., Vokina V.A., Pankova A.A., Skrynnik A.S., Lizarev A.V., Sosedova L.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4472">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4472</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Перспективным направлением нанотоксикологии является изучение воздействия на живой организм наночастиц гадолиния, которые позволяют достичь высокой контрастности изображений при выполнении МРТ со значительно меньшим количеством вводимого вещества. Это возможно с использованием высокомолекулярных соединений, например, арабиногалактана лиственницы сибирской, обладающего стабилизирующим для наночастиц эффектом.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Экспериментальные исследования выполнены на 96 беспородных белых крысах-самцах массой тела 180–240 г, которые были поделены на три группы (одну контрольную и две экспериментальные). В качестве экспонируемой субстанции использовался раствор на водной основе, в состав которого входили наночастицы гадолиния, а также наностабилизирующая матрица – природный полисахарид арабиногалактан. Раствор вводился перорально на протяжении 10 дней в двух дозах 500 и 5000 мкг гадолиния на 1 кг массы тела животного. После введения часть животных была выведена из эксперимента (ранний период исследования), оставшаяся часть животных была оставлена на дожитие в течение шести месяцев и составила отдалённый период исследования, а впоследствии также была выведена из эксперимента. В работе применялся комплекс исследований, направленный на определение нейротоксичности, – тест «открытое поле», ЭЭГ-исследование, морфологические и морфометрические методы.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Структурно-функциональные особенности воздействия нанокомпозита гадолиния на центральную нервную систему выражались в увеличении числа дегенеративно изменённых нейронов при введении раствора в дозе 500 мкг гадолиния на 1 кг массы тела животного в раннем периоде исследования, при этом показатели, отражающие ориентировочно-исследовательскую активность, поведение и показатели ЭЭГ, по сравнению с контролем не изменились.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Воздействие наночастиц гадолиния, инкапсулированного в полисахарид арабиногалактан, изучали на 96 беспородных крысах-самцах, что является достаточным для использования набора методов, определяющих функциональное состояние центральной нервной системы и структурные изменения нервной ткани.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Подострое воздействие наночастиц гадолиния, инкапсулированных в матрицу арабиногалактана, вызывает структурные изменения нервной ткани, при этом функциональных изменений в работе центральной нервной системы не наблюдалось.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Работа выполнена в соответствии с протоколом экспериментальных исследований, принципами, изложенными в Европейской конвенции о защите позвоночных животных, используемых для экспериментов или в иных научных целях ETS № 123, ГОСТ 33215–2014 «Руководство по содержанию и уходу за лабораторными животными. Правила оборудования помещений и организации процедур», Recommendations for euthanasia of experimental animals: Part 1, Part 2. На проведение исследований получено разрешение Локального этического комитета (протокол № 8 от 15.12.2023 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Новиков М.А., Соседова Л.М. – концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование; Титов Е.А., Вокина В.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Якимова Н.Л., Панкова А.А., Скрынник А.С., Лизарев А.В. – сбор материала и обработка данных. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 08.07.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 15.10.2024 / Принята к печати: 19.11.2024 / Опубликована: 17.12.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. A promising area of nanotoxicology is the study of the effects of gadolinium nanoparticles on a living organism, which will allow achieving high image contrast when performing MRI with a significantly smaller amount of the injected substance. This is possible using high-molecular compounds, for example, arabinogalactan of Siberian larch, which has a stabilizing effect for nanoparticles.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Experimental studies were performed on ninety six mongrel white male rats weighing 180–240 g, divided into 3 groups (one control and two experimental). A water-based solution was used as the exposed substance, which included gadolinium nanoparticles, as well as a nanostabilizing matrix – the natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan. The solution was administered orally for 10 days in two doses – 500 and 5000 mcg of gadolinium per 1 kg of animal body weight. After the introduction, some of the animals were withdrawn from the experiment and made up the early examination period, the remaining part of the animals were left to survive for 6 months and made up the long-term examination period, and subsequently were also withdrawn from the experiment. The work used a set of studies aimed at determining neurotoxicity – the “Open Field” test, EEG examination, morphological and morphometric methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The structural and functional features of the effect of gadolinium nanocomposite on the central nervous system were expressed in an increase in the number of degeneratively altered neurons when administered a solution at a dose of 500 mcg of gadolinium per 1 kg of animal body weight in the early period of examination, while indices reflecting approximate research activity, behaviour and EEG indices, compared with the control, did not changed.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. When studying the effects of gadolinium nanoparticles encapsulated in the polysaccharide arabinogalactan on 96 outbred male rats, which is sufficient to use a set of methods to determine the functional state of the central nervous system and structural changes in nervous tissue.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Thus, the subacute effect of gadolinium nanoparticles encapsulated in the arabinogalactan matrix causes structural changes in the nervous tissue, while functional changes in the central nervous system were not observed.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The work was carried out in accordance with the protocol of experimental studies, the principles set out in the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes ETS No. 123, GOST 33215–2014 “Guide to the care and maintenance of laboratory animals. Rules for equipping premises and organizing procedures», Recommendations for euthanasia of experimental animals: Part 1, Part 2. Permission to conduct the research was obtained from the Local Ethics Committee (protocol No. 8 dated 15.12.2023).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Novikov M.A., Sosedova L.M. — study concept and design, writing text, editing; Titov E.A., Vokina V.A. — study concept and design, editing; Yakimova N.L., Pankova A.A., Skrynnik A.S., Lizarev A.V. — data collection and data processing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the East Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: July 8, 2024 / Revised: October 15, 2024 / Accepted: November 19, 2024 / Published: December 17, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наночастицы</kwd><kwd>гадолиний</kwd><kwd>головной мозг</kwd><kwd>нейротоксичность</kwd><kwd>поведение</kwd><kwd>ЭЭГ</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd><kwd>гистология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>gadolinium</kwd><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>neurotoxicity</kwd><kwd>behavior</kwd><kwd>EEG</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd><kwd>histology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hui F.K., Mullins M. Persistence of gadolinium contrast enhancement in CSF: a possible harbinger of gadolinium neurotoxicity? 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