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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-11-1429-1433</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">pkpdpm</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4473</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменение экспрессии генов, вовлечённых в митохондриальный путь апоптоза, при воздействии наночастиц оксида свинца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alterations in the expression of genes involved in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway upon exposure to lead oxide nanoparticles</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8794-7288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кикоть</surname><given-names>Анна Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kikot</surname><given-names>Anna M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отд. молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: kikotam@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of Molecular Biology and Electron Microscopy, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: kikotam@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kikotam@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7029-3406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаихова</surname><given-names>Дарья Рамильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaikhova</surname><given-names>Daria R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отд. молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: darya.boo@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of Molecular Biology and Electron Microscopy, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: darya.boo@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">darya.boo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4109-9268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Берёза</surname><given-names>Иван Андреевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bereza</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отд. молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: berezaia@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of Molecular Biology and Electron Microscopy, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: berezaia@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">berezaia@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-7845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минигалиева</surname><given-names>Ильзира Амировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minigalieva</surname><given-names>Ilzira A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, зав. отд. токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dsc (Biology), Head of the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0780-5733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никогосян</surname><given-names>Карен Мерсопович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikogosyan</surname><given-names>Karen M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: nikoghosyankm@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: nikoghosyankm@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikoghosyankm@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутункова</surname><given-names>Марина Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutunkova</surname><given-names>Marina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, директор ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия; доцент, зав. каф. гигиены и медицины труда ФГБОУ ВО УГМУ Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: sutunkova@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Director, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation; Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Occupational Hygiene and Medicine, Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, 620028, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: sutunkova@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sutunkova@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский–научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский–научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers; Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1429</fpage><lpage>1433</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кикоть А.М., Шаихова Д.Р., Берёза И.А., Минигалиева И.А., Никогосян К.М., Сутункова М.П., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кикоть А.М., Шаихова Д.Р., Берёза И.А., Минигалиева И.А., Никогосян К.М., Сутункова М.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kikot A.M., Shaikhova D.R., Bereza I.A., Minigalieva I.A., Nikogosyan K.M., Sutunkova M.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4473">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4473</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. При различных технологиях производства свинца воздух загрязняется аэрозольными наночастицами, в том числе наночастицами оксида свинца (НЧ PbO). Свинец способен вызывать окислительный стресс, приводящий к гибели клеток. Экспериментальные исследования, посвящённые влиянию НЧ PbO на уровне транскрипции генов, расширят знания в механизмах токсичности НЧ PbO для оценки риска для здоровья населения, подверженного их воздействию.</p><p>Цель исследования – изучение экспрессии генов, вовлечённых в антиоксидантную защиту и апоптоз, при ингаляционном воздействии наночастиц свинца на крыс, в субхроническом эксперименте.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Экспозиции НЧ PbO проводились в ингаляционной установке на белых самках крыс, где опытная группа подвергалась воздействию НЧ PbO в концентрации 1,55 ± 0,06 мг/м3 4 ч в день 5 раз в неделю в течение 1 мес, а контрольная дышала чистым воздухом в аналогичной установке. РНК выделяли из фрагментов обонятельной луковицы, мозжечка, лёгкого и печени. Экспрессию генов P53, BAX, BCL-2, GSTM1, GSTP1, SOD2 определяли методом количественной ПЦР. Данные анализировали статистическим критерием Манна – Уитни.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В обонятельной луковице экспрессия гена BCL-2 была достоверно ниже, а P53 выше в опытной группе по сравнению с контрольной. В мозжечке животных из опытной группы экспрессия гена BAX была достоверно выше, а экспрессия гена P53 ниже. Экспрессия гена BCL-2 в печени была достоверно ниже в опытной группе.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Работа выполнена на самках крыс и не учитывает межполовые различия и рассматривает исключительно экспрессию генов, не учитывая посттрансляционные механизмы и экспрессию белков.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Ингаляционное воздействие НЧ PbO в концентрации 1,55 ± 0,06 мг/м3 вызывает изменение экспрессии генов, связанных с митохондриальным апоптозом в головном мозге и печени, но не в лёгких лабораторных крыс.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Заключение локального этического комитета ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора: содержание, питание, уход за животными и выведение их из эксперимента осуществляли в соответствии с общепринятыми требованиями с учётом ARRIVE guidelines. Исследования были одобрены локальным этическим комитетом ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора (протокол № 4 от 12.07.2022 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Кикоть А.М. – сбор материала и обработка данных, статистическая обработка, написание текста, редактирование; Шаихова Д.Р. – сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование; Берёза И.А. – сбор материала и обработка данных, редактирование; Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П.  – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Никогосян К.М. – сбор материала, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 18.10.2024 / Принята к печати: 19.11.2024 / Опубликована: 17.12.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Lead production technologies pollute the air with aerosol nanoparticles, including those of lead oxide (PbO NPs). Lead can cause oxidative stress that leads to cell death. Experimental studies of effects of PbO NPs at the gene transcription level will expand our knowledge of the mechanisms of PbO NP toxicity and improve assessment of health risks for the population exposed to them.</p><p>The purpose was to study the expression of genes involved in antioxidant protection and apoptosis following subchronic inhalation exposure of lead nanoparticles to rats.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Female albino rats were exposed to PbO NPs in an inhalation chamber at a concentration of 1.55 ± 0.06 mg/m3, 4 hours a day, 5 days a week for 1 month; the control group breathed clean air in a similar chamber. After exposure cessation, RNA was isolated from fragments of the olfactory bulb, cerebellum, lung, and liver. Expression of the P53, BAX, BCL-2, GSTM1, GSTP1, and SOD2 genes was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The data was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the olfactory bulb, BCL-2 gene expression was significantly lower, while that of P53 was higher in the exposed rodents compared to the controls. In the cerebellum of the exposed animals, BAX and P53 genes expression was statistically higher and lower than in the control group, respectively. BCL-2 gene expression in the liver was significantly lower in the exposed group.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The experiment involved only female rats, so it does not take into account sex differences and considers only gene expression, neglecting post-translational mechanisms and protein expression.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Inhalation exposure to PbO NPs at the concentration of 1.55 ± 0.06 mg/m3 causes changes in the expression of genes associated with mitochondrial apoptosis in the brain and liver, but not in the lungs of laboratory rats.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The local Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers concluded the animals were kept, fed, cared for, and sacrificed in accordance with generally accepted requirements, taking into account the ARRIVE guidelines. Ethics approval was provided by the local Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers (protocol No. 4 of July 12, 2022).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Kikot A.M. – data collection and processing, statistical analysis, draft manuscript preparation, editing; Shaikhova D.R. – data collection and processing, draft manuscript preparation, editing; Bereza I.A. – data collection and processing, draft manuscript preparation, editing; Minigalieva I.A., Sutunkova M.P. – study conception and design, editing; Nikogosyan K.M. – data collection, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: October 18, 2024 / Accepted: November 19, 2024 / Published: December 17, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наночастицы свинца</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>токсичность наночастиц</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lead nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>toxicity of nanoparticles</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сутункова М.П., Соловьёва С.Н., Чернышов И.Н., Клинова С.В., Гурвич В.Б., Шур В.Я. и др. Проявления подострой системной токсичности наночастиц оксида свинца при ингаляционной экспозиции крыс. 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