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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-11-1245-1250</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-448</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование воздействия эмиссии от лесных пожаров на морфофункциональное состояние центральной нервной системы белых крыс</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effects of wildfire emission on the morphofunctional state of the central nervous system in white rats</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8165-8052</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вокина</surname><given-names>Вера Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vokina</surname><given-names>Vera A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биол. наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований».</p><p>e-mail: vokina.vera@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., researcher of bio-modeling and translational research laboratory of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, 665827, Angarsk, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: vokina.vera@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vokina.vera@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6100-6292</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0922-7880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елфимова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elfimova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-8676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богомолова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogomolova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-5304</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеенко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1052-4601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соседова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosedova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1245</fpage><lpage>1250</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вокина В.А., Новиков М.А., Елфимова Т.А., Богомолова Е.С., Алексеенко А.Н., Соседова Л.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вокина В.А., Новиков М.А., Елфимова Т.А., Богомолова Е.С., Алексеенко А.Н., Соседова Л.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vokina V.A., Novikov M.A., Elfimova T.A., Bogomolova E.S., Alekseenko A.N., Sosedova L.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/448">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/448</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Изучение механизмов действия продуктов горения, выделяющихся при природных пожарах, на организм и разработка соответствующих профилактических мероприятий является актуальной гигиенической проблемой на современном этапе.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Экспериментальное моделирование ландшафтного пожара осуществлялось в течение 7 дней по 4 ч в день. В качестве горючего субстрата использовались древесина и лесной горючий материал (ЛГМ), представляющий собой живой надпочвенный покров и растительные остатки различной степени разложения. В экспозиционной камере в процессе экспозиции определены концентрации оксида углерода, формальдегида, фурфурола и ацетальдегида, проведён общий качественный анализ воздуха и целевой качественный анализ на летучие альдегиды и кетоны. После окончания экспозиции выполнено обследование белых крыс с применением тестов «открытое поле» и водный лабиринт Морриса, а также проведена оценка морфологических нарушений в ткани коры головного мозга.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разработана экспериментальная модель воздействия продуктами горения лесного горючего материала на мелких лабораторных животных с характеристикой химического состава выделяющихся газов. В ходе биомоделирования установлено, что изменения в структуре поведения белых крыс, подвергавшихся воздействию дыма, характеризовались снижением двигательной и исследовательской активности, а также наблюдалось повышение уровня тревожности у самок. При тестировании в водном лабиринте Морриса выявлены нарушения пространственной памяти и способности к навигационному научению. При гистологическом исследовании ткани коры головного мозга у животных опытных групп были обнаружены множественные очаги нейронофагии, расширение периваскулярных пространств, а также отмечалось развитие заместительной гиперплазии глиальных клеток.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о наличии нейротоксического эффекта продуктов горения ЛГМ, который характеризовался нарушением структуры поведения и процессов памяти, а также морфологическими изменениями в ткани головного мозга белых крыс. Однако для выявления роли воздействия комплекса веществ, выделяемых при лесных пожарах, их вклада в морфологические и функциональные нарушения требуются дальнейшие, более углублённые исследования.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The study of the mechanisms of action of combustion products released during natural fires on the body and the development of appropriate preventive measures is an actual hygienic problem at the present stage.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Experimental modeling of landscape fire was carried out for 7 days, 4 hours per day. Forest fuel, which is a living ground cover and plant residues, was used as a combustible substrate. The concentration of carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, furfural, and acetaldehyde was determined in the exposure chamber, the general qualitative composition of air and the target qualitative analysis for volatile aldehydes and ketones were carried out. After exposure rat behavior was observed through an open field test and Morris water maze, histological studies of brain tissue were done.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. During the experiment changes in the structure of the behavior of white rats exposed to smoke were established to be characterized by a decrease in motor and exploratory activity, and an increase in the level of anxiety in females was also observed. When testing in the water maze of Morris revealed violations of spatial memory and the ability to navigational learning. Histological examination of the cerebral cortex in animals of the experimental groups revealed multiple foci of neuronophagy, expansion of perivascular spaces, and the development of glial cell replacement hyperplasia was noted. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results indicate the presence of a neurotoxic effect of combustion products, characterized by a decrease in the motor activity of animals, increased anxiety and impaired memory processes, as well as morphological changes in the brain tissue of white rats. However, in order to reveal the role of the impact of a complex of substances released during forest fires, their contribution to morphological and functional disorders, furthermore in-depth studies are required.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>природный пожар</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>поведение</kwd><kwd>экспериментальная модель</kwd><kwd>морфологические изменения</kwd><kwd>ЦНС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wildfire</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>behavior</kwd><kwd>experimental model</kwd><kwd>morphological changes</kwd><kwd>central nervous system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ярош Г.Ф. Лесные пожары как угроза национальной безопасности России. Вестник СГЮА. 2016; 3 (110): 199-202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yarosh G.F. Forest fires as a threat to the national security of Russia. 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