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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-12-1466-1472</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">fvwkpd</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4496</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблема цветения воды источников питьевого водоснабжения населения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The problem of algal bloom in the source of drinking water supply for the population</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7668-9324</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турбинский</surname><given-names>Виктор Владиславович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turbinsky</surname><given-names>Viktor V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. отд. гигиены воды, гл. науч. сотр. ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: turbinskii.vv@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Head of the Department of Water Hygiene, Chief researcher of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: turbinskii.vv@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">turbinskii.vv@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7531-1372</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брагина</surname><given-names>Ирина Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bragina</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зам. руководителя Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, 127994, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: info@rospotrebnadzor.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Deputy Head of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Moscow, 127994, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: info@rospotrebnadzor.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@rospotrebnadzor.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-0185</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузь</surname><given-names>Надежда Валентиновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuz</surname><given-names>Nadejda V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены воды ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: nadezhda.v.k@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading researcher of the Water Hygiene Department of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: nadezhda.v.k@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadezhda.v.k@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-0690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицына</surname><given-names>Оксана Олеговна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyna</surname><given-names>Oxana O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, зам. директора по науке ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, директор Института комплексных проблем гигиены ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: oxsin66@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS, Deputy Director for Science, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: oxsin66@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oxsin66@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5932-6350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушкарева</surname><given-names>Мария Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkareva</surname><given-names>Mariya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены воды ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: pushkareva.mv@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Chief researcher of the Water Hygiene Department of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: pushkareva.mv@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pushkareva.mv@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в городе Москве»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman; Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1466</fpage><lpage>1472</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Турбинский В.В., Брагина И.В., Кузь Н.В., Синицына О.О., Пушкарева М.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Турбинский В.В., Брагина И.В., Кузь Н.В., Синицына О.О., Пушкарева М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Turbinsky V.V., Bragina I.V., Kuz N.V., Sinitsyna O.O., Pushkareva M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4496">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4496</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Источник питьевого водоснабжения Челябинска с населением более 1 млн человек – река Миасс, сток которой зарегулирован Шершнёвским и Аргазинским водохранилищами. Воды водохранилищ регионов периодически подвержены усиленному цветению, в том числе цианобактериальному, что создаёт высокую опасность их воды для здоровья населения и требует специального мониторинга.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Объектами исследований служили природная вода р. Миасс на Шершнёвском водохранилище в створе станции водоподготовки МУП ПОВВ «Сосновские водоочистные сооружения» Челябинска и очищенная питьевая вода перед подачей в разводящую сеть. Использованы результаты лабораторно-инструментальных исследований биомассы фитопланктона, количественного и качественного (видового состава) цианобактерий за 2010–2022 гг. Определение цианотоксинов микроцистина-LR, цилиндроспермопсина, анатоксина-а, сакситоксина и бета-N-метиламин-L-аланина (ВМАА) в воде водохранилища и питьевой воде, подаваемой населению, проводили с использованием готовых иммуноферментных тест-систем производства Eurofins Abraxis (США) методом иммуноферментного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В воде Шершнёвского водохранилища выявлены доминирующие рода цианобактерий: Planktothrix, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis и Anabaena. В результате мониторинга воды Шершнёвского водохранилища и питьевой воды обнаружены продуцируемые цианобактериями токсины: микроцистин-LR, анатоксин-a, сакситоксин, цилиндроспермопсин и β-N-метиламино-L-аланин (ВМАА). Анализ качественного и количественного состава цианобактерий и цианотоксинов позволил выявить характерные для данного региона тенденции «цветения» воды, недостаточную эффективность двухступенчатой схемы очистки в отношении анатоксина-а, цилиндроспермопсина, сакситоксина, микроцистина-LR.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Отсутствие отечественных стандартов и тест-систем с необходимой чувствительностью и репрезентативностью, позволяющих расширить спектр определяемых приоритетных цианотоксинов в воде.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявлены региональные особенности и сезонные закономерности распространения последствий цианобактериального «цветения». Направлением дальнейших исследований может стать совершенствование систем водоподготовки питьевой воды и очистки сточных вод. Полученные результаты могут быть положены в основу разработки системы мониторинга, в том числе выявления приоритетных цианотоксинов и оценки риска для здоровья населения.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Турбинский В.В., Пушкарева М.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование; Брагина И.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования; Кузь Н.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста; Синицына О.О. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование. Все соавторы – ответственность за целостность всех частей, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках реализации государственной программы «Обеспечение химической и биологической безопасности Российской Федерации» на 2021–2024 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 17.10.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 13.12.2024 / Принята к печати: 17.12.2024 / Опубликована: 28.12.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The source of drinking water supply for the city of Chelyabinsk with a population of more than 1 million people is the Miass River, the flow of which is regulated by the Shershnevskoye and Argazinskoye reservoirs. The waters of these reservoirs are periodically subjected to increased blooming, including cyanobacterial blooming, which makes the water hazardous to human health, requiring special monitoring.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The objects of research were natural water of the river. The objects of the research were natural water of the Miass River at the Shershnevskoye water reservoir in the water treatment station of the municipal unitary enterprise for water supply and sanitation industrial association “Sosnovskiye water treatment facilities” in Chelyabinsk and treated drinking water before supplying to the distribution network. The results of laboratory-instrumental studies of phytoplankton biomass, quantitative, and qualitative (species composition) of cyanobacteria for 2010–2022 were used. Determination of cyanotoxins microcystin-LR, cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin-a, saxitoxin, and beta-N-methylamine-L-alanine (BMAA) in reservoir water and drinking water supplied to the population was carried out using ready-made immunoenzyme test systems, manufactured by Eurofins Abraxis (USA) by enzyme immunoassay method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The dominant genera of cyanobacteria identified in the water of the Shershnev Reservoir were: Planktothrix, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis, and Anabaena. As a result of monitoring the water of the Shershnev Reservoir and drinking water there were detected following toxins produced by cyanobacteria: microcystin-LR, anatoxin-a, saxitoxin, cylindrospermopsin, microcystin, and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). The analysis of qualitative and quantitative composition of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins allowed revealing the tendencies of “blooming” processes characteristic for this region, insufficient efficiency to the two-stage purification scheme in relation to: anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxin, and microcystin-LR.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitation</title><p>Limitation. Lack of domestic standards and test systems with the necessary sensitivity and representativeness to expand the range of determined priority cyanotoxins in water.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Regional peculiarities and seasonal patterns of distribution of the consequences of cyanobacterial “blooms” have been revealed. The direction of further research may be the improvement of wastewater treatment systems and drinking water treatment systems. The obtained results can be used as a basis for development of monitoring system, including identification of priority cyanotoxins and assessment of public health risk.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. This study does not require the conclusion of a biomedical ethics committee or other documents.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Turbinsky V.V., Pushkareva M.V. – research concept and design, text writing, editing; Bragina I.V. – concept and design of the study; Kuz N.V. – concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, text writing; Sinitsyna O.O. – concept and design of the study, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study was carried out as part of the implementation of the state program “Ensuring the chemical and biological safety of the Russian Federation” for 2021–2024.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: October 17, 2024 / Revised: December 13, 2024 / Accepted: December 17, 2024 / Published: December 28, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>«цветение» воды</kwd><kwd>фитопланктон</kwd><kwd>синезелёные водоросли</kwd><kwd>цианобактерии</kwd><kwd>цианотоксины</kwd><kwd>анатоксин-а</kwd><kwd>небелковая кислота бета-N-метиламин-L-аланин</kwd><kwd>сакситоксин</kwd><kwd>цилиндроспермопсин</kwd><kwd>микроцистин-LR</kwd><kwd>мониторинг</kwd><kwd>питьевая вода</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>water “bloom”</kwd><kwd>phytoplankton</kwd><kwd>blue-green algae</kwd><kwd>cyanobacteria</kwd><kwd>cyanotoxins</kwd><kwd>anatoxin-a</kwd><kwd>non-protein acid beta-N-methylamine-L-alanine</kwd><kwd>saxitoxin</kwd><kwd>cylindrospermopsin</kwd><kwd>microcystin-LR</kwd><kwd>monitoring</kwd><kwd>drinking water</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ходоровская Н.И., Дерябина Л.В., Крайнева С.В., Утопленникова А.Ю. 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