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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-11-1257-1261</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-450</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка рисков здоровью учащихся профессиональных колледжей в зависимости от характера осваиваемых профессий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the risk assessment of the health of students of occupational colleges depending on the character of realized occupations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-5546</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучма</surname><given-names>В. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuchma</surname><given-names>V. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3557-3867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубочкина</surname><given-names>Евгения Ивановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubochkina</surname><given-names>Evgeniya I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, доцент, главный научный сотрудник отдела комплексных проблем гигиены детей и подростков ФГАУ НМИЦ здоровья детей Минздрава России, 119296, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: adlabhyg@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Chief Researcher of the Department of Complex Problems of Hygiene of Children and Adolescents, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: adlabhyg@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adlabhyg@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9831-6323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янушанец</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanushanets</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8296-510X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепрасов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheprasov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава РФ</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children's Health</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава РФ</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.A. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1257</fpage><lpage>1261</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кучма В.Р., Шубочкина Е.И., Янушанец О.И., Чепрасов В.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кучма В.Р., Шубочкина Е.И., Янушанец О.И., Чепрасов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuchma V.R., Shubochkina E.I., Yanushanets O.I., Cheprasov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/450">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/450</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. На донозологическом уровне оценивалось влияние условий профессионального обучения на показатели здоровья и качество жизни учащихся колледжей, осваивающих разные по характеру и условиям труда группы профессий.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено анкетирование учащихся 1-х и 3-х курсов, обучающихся профессиям СПО с условно «лёгкими» (профессии деревообработки и реставрации) и «тяжёлыми» (сварщики и автослесари) условиями производственной практики. Использовался опросник качества жизни (MOS SF-36), оценивался медико-социальный статус (жалобы, наличие хронических заболеваний, оценка самочувствия, выраженность утомления, частота ОРВИ). Результаты обработаны по стандартному пакету программ с использованием методов доказательной медицины.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Получены выраженные различия в характере влияния условий обучения на здоровье и качество жизни учащихся, проходящих производственное обучение в разных гигиенических условиях. Влияние учебно-производственной нагрузки при освоении условно «лёгких» профессий сопровождалось повышением индекса здоровья у выпускниов, снижением частоты жалоб на головные боли и боли, связанные с ОДА, ростом недифференцированных жалоб. Показатели качества жизни характеризовались повышением ролевого физического функционирования (РФФ) и снижением психического здоровья (ПЗ), что коррелировало с повышенным утомлением. При обучении «тяжёлым» профессиям у учащихся 3-го курса имел место рост общего числа жалоб, жалоб на слабость, жалоб, связанных с ЖКТ, ОДА и других (недифференцированных) жалоб. Снижались показатели качества жизни по двум параметрам физического здоровья (ФФ и ОЗ) и двум параметрам психического здоровья (РЭФ и ПЗ).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Показан значимый вклад производственного обучения в ухудшение функциональных возможностей и качество жизни, связанного со здоровьем, выпускников колледжей, осваивающих с профессии с «тяжёлыми» условиями труда. Обращено внимание на новые формы реализации профессиональной подготовки в системе дуального (практико-ориентированного) обучения с увеличением времени производственного обучения на рабочих местах предприятий, а также вопросы совершенствования системы медицинского обеспечения учащихся профессиональных колледжей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. At the prenosological level, the impact of vocational training conditions on the indices of health and the quality of life of college students who master groups of occupations that are different in nature and working conditions was assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A survey of 1- and 3-year students engaged in vocational secondary education with conditionally “light” (woodworking and restoration) and “difficult” (welders and car mechanics) conditions of work practice was conducted. The questionnaire of quality of life (MOS SF-36) was used, medical and social status was assessed (complaints, the presence of chronic diseases, assessment of well-being, the severity of fatigue, ARVI morbidity rate). The results are processed according to the standard software package using evidence-based medicine.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. There were obtained marked differences in the nature of the influence of learning conditions on the health and quality of life of students undergoing industrial training in different hygienic conditions. The impact of training and production load during the development of conditionally “light” professions was accompanied by an increase in the health index of graduates, a decrease in the frequency of complaints of headaches and pain associated with ARVI, an increase in undifferentiated complaints. Indices of the quality of life were characterized by an increase in role-based physical functioning (RPF) and a decrease in mental health (MH), which was correlated with increased fatigue. When teaching “hard” occupations in 3-year students, there was an increase in the total number of complaints, complaints of weakness, complaints related to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), musculoskeletal system and other (undifferentiated) complaints. Indicators of quality of life decreased according to two parameters of physical health (RPF and GIT) and two parameters of mental health (role emotional functioning and MH). </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The significant contribution of occupational training to the deterioration of functional capabilities and the quality of life associated with health is shown for college graduates who learn occupations a profession with “hard” working conditions. Attention is drawn to new forms of the implementation of vocational training in the dual (practice-oriented) training system with an increase in production training time at the workplaces of enterprises, as well as issues of improving the medical support system for students in vocational colleges.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гигиена</kwd><kwd>учащиеся</kwd><kwd>профессиональное обучение</kwd><kwd>производственная практика</kwd><kwd>здоровье</kwd><kwd>качество жизни</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hygiene</kwd><kwd>students</kwd><kwd>vocational training</kwd><kwd>work experience</kwd><kwd>health</kwd><kwd>quality of life</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подростки: риски для здоровья и их пути решения. ВОЗ. Информационный бюллетень № 345. Май 2016. 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