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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-1-13-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">jbaqaj</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4544</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Загрязнение воздуха частицами в Ташкенте и последствия для здоровья населения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Particulate air pollution in Tashkent and consequences to population health</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-4408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Броди</surname><given-names>Майкл С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brody</surname><given-names>Michael S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адъюнкт-профессор, факультет наук об окружающей среде, Американский университет, Вашингтон, округ Колумбия, 20016, США</p><p>e-mail: mbrody@american.edu</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Adjunct Professor, Department of Environmental Science American University, Washington DC 20016 USA</p><p>e-mail: mbrody@american.edu</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mbrody@american.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4803-6026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саидов</surname><given-names>Достон Нуриддин угли</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saidov</surname><given-names>Doston N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Докторант каф. «Техносферная безопасность», Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет (ТГТрУ), 100067, Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан</p><p>e-mail: dossaidov@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Department of Technosphere Security, Tashkent State Transport University, Tashkent, 100067, Republic of Uzbekistan</p><p>e-mail: dossaidov@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dossaidov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1664-2003</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илесалиев</surname><given-names>Дауренбек Ихтиярович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilesaliev</surname><given-names>Dauren I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор техн. наук, профессор, профессор каф. «Транспортно-грузовые системы», Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет (ТГТрУ), 100067, Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан.</p><p>e-mail: ilesaliev@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Engineering), Professor of Departament “Transport cargo systems” at Tashkent State Transport University (Uzbekistan), Tashkent, 100067, Republic of Uzbekistan</p><p>e-mail: ilesaliev@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilesaliev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3994-0630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Разиков</surname><given-names>Равшан Садикович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rasikov</surname><given-names>Ravshan S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зав. каф. «Техносферная безопасность», Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет (ТГТрУ), 100067, Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан</p><p>e-mail: rozikov_r@bk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Technosphere Safety at Tashkent State Transport University, Tashkent, 100067, Republic of Uzbekistan</p><p>e-mail: rozikov_r@bk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rozikov_r@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Американский университет</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>American University, Department of Environmental Science</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет</institution><country>Узбекистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tashkent State Transport University</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Броди М.С., Саидов Д.Н., Илесалиев Д.И., Разиков Р.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Броди М.С., Саидов Д.Н., Илесалиев Д.И., Разиков Р.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Brody M.S., Saidov D.N., Ilesaliev D.I., Rasikov R.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4544">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4544</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Загрязнение воздуха, и особенно высокие концентрации PM2,5, могут иметь серьёзные последствия для здоровья человека. Загрязнение воздуха твёрдыми частицами повышает риск развития различных заболеваний, включая хроническую обструктивную болезнь лёгких, ишемическую болезнь сердца, инсульт, рак лёгких и диабет II типа. Для всего Узбекистана в 2021 г. ожидаемое значение смертности, связанной с загрязнением окружающей среды PM2,5, составило 27 099. Это значимая причина смертности в стране. Пять основных источников, способствующих накоплению PM2,5 в атмосферном воздухе, включают жилые здания, промышленность, энергетику, антропогенную пыль и сельское хозяйство.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для оценки смертности, связанной с PM2,5 в Ташкенте, мы загрузили имеющиеся данные о содержании PM2,5 из монитора качества воздуха Посольства США в Ташкенте и спутниковые данные о концентрации PM2,5 для города Ташкента, полученные из Группы анализа состава атмосферы Вашингтонского университета в Сент-Луисе. Данные о населении города Ташкента взяты из официального статистического агентства Узбекистана. Затем мы применили модель расчёта смертности, обусловленной PM2,5.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. За период с 2019 по 2022 г. мы оцениваем диапазон смертности в городе от минимума в 3095 до максимума в 4736; используя одинаковую модель смертности, обусловленную PM2,5, но разные источники концентрации PM2,5.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Монитор в посольстве США может не отображать средние концентрации твёрдых частиц по всему городу. Спутниковые данные не измеряют концентрации PM2,5 напрямую и полагаются на наземные мониторы для проверки. Ташкент растёт очень быстро, и официальные оценки численности населения города могут быть заниженными.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Качество воздуха в Ташкенте является серьёзной проблемой для здоровья и источником ежегодной смертности. Ташкенту необходим подробный кадастр выбросов и распределения источников для поддержки высококачественного и осуществимого плана управления качеством воздуха и решения проблемы высоких затрат на снижение загрязнения воздуха.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Броди М.С. – общая идея и дизайн исследования, основной автор текста; Илесалиев Д.И. – сбор литературных и популяционных данных; Саидов Д.Н. – сбор данных о концентрации твёрдых частиц и обработка данных; Разиков Р.С. – предоставление помещений и согласование. Все соавторы ‒ утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа выполнена по Программе специалистов Fulbright в США с предоставлением доктору Майклу Броди гранта с финансированием его пребывания в Ташкентском государственном транспортном университете. Ташкентский государственный транспортный университет принял доктора Броди, предоставил жильё и возможности для этой работы. Доктор Владимир Поташников помогал с моделированием атрибутивной смертности. Исследование не имело дополнительного финансирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 05.10.2024 / Принята к печати: 02.10.2024 / Опубликована: 31.01.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Air pollution, and particularly high concentrations of PM2.5 can have severe consequences to human health. Particulate air pollution raises the risks for various diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, and diabetes type 2. For all of Uzbekistan, over 2021 the expected value of mortality attributable to Ambient PM2.5 pollution was 27,099. This is a significant cause of the mortality in the country. Top five sources contributing to outdoor PM2.5 concentration were: residential, industry, energy, anthropogenic dust, and agriculture.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. To estimate PM2.5 attributable mortality in Tashkent, we downloaded the available PM2.5 from the air quality monitor at the US Embassy in Tashkent, and the satellite-based PM2.5 concentration data for the city of Tashkent from the Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group at the Washington University in St. Louis. Population data for Tashkent city was taken from the official statistics agency of Uzbekistan. We then applied a PM2.5 attributable mortality model.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. For the years 2019 to 2022 we estimate a range of mortality in the city from a low of 3095 to a high of 4736; using the same attributable mortality model but the different sources of PM2.5 concentrations.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The monitor at the US Embassy may not represent average particulate matter concentrations across the entire city. satellite data do not directly measure PM2.5 concentrations and in general rely on ground monitors for verification. Tashkent is growing very quickly and the official estimates of the city’s population may be on the low side.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Air quality in Tashkent is a serious health issue and a source of annual mortality. Tashkent needs a detailed emission inventory and source apportionment to support a high quality and feasible air quality management plan and to address the high costs of air pollution.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of the conclusion of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Brody M.S. – overall idea and design of the study, main author of the text; Saidov D.N. – collection of particulate concentration data and data processing; Ilesaliev D.I. – collection of literature and population data; Razikov R.S. – provision of facilities and approval. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The United States Fulbright Specialist Program provided a grant to Dr. Brody that funded his time at the Tashkent State Transport University. Tashkent State Transport University hosted Dr. Brody and provided housing and its facilities available for this work. Dr. Vladimir Potashnikov assisted with modeling of attributable mortality.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: October 5, 2024 / Accepted: November 2, 2024 / Published: January 31, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>загрязнение воздуха</kwd><kwd>PM2</kwd><kwd>5</kwd><kwd>атрибутивная смертность</kwd><kwd>источники загрязнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>air pollution</kwd><kwd>PM2.5</kwd><kwd>attributable mortality</kwd><kwd>pollution sources</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD. Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) Results. Seattle, United States: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME); 2022. 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