medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-1-17-22asoovdmedlit-4545Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENEЭколого-гигиеническая оценка содержания природных углеводородов в арктических и субарктических почвах европейского Северо-Востока Российской ФедерацииEcological and hygienic assessment of natural hydrocarbons content in arctic and subarctic soils of the European North-East of the Russian Federationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0675-524XЛодыгинЕвгений ДмитриевичLodyginEvgeny D.

Доктор биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. почвоведения Института биологии ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН, 167982, Сыктывкар, Россия

e-mail: lodigin@ib.komisc.ru

DSc (Biology), leading researcher, Soil Science Department, Institute of Biology, Komi Federal Research Centre, Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russian Federation

e-mail: lodigin@ib.komisc.ru

lodigin@ib.komisc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0512-3849АлексеевИван ИльичAlekseevIvan I.

Мл. науч. сотр. отд. почвоведения Института биологии ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН, 167982, Сыктывкар, Россия

e-mail: alekseevivan95@gmail.com

Junior researcher, Soil Science Department, Institute of Biology, Komi Federal Research Centre, Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russian Federation

e-mail: alekseevivan95@gmail.com

alekseevivan95@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-9509-6431НестеровБорис АндреевичNesterovBoris A.

Инженер-исследователь отд. почвоведения Института биологии ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН, 167982, Сыктывкар, Россия

e-mail: B-nesterov@mail.ru

Research engineer, Soil Science Department, Institute of Biology, Komi Federal Research Centre, Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russian Federation

e-mail: B-nesterov@mail.ru

B-nesterov@mail.ruИнститут биологии ФГБУН Федеральный исследовательский центр Коми научный центр уральского отделения российской академии наук»РоссияInstitute of Biology, Komi Federal Research Centre, Ural Branch of RASRussian Federation20252801202510411722Copyright © Лодыгин Е.Д., Алексеев И.И., Нестеров Б.А., 20252025Лодыгин Е.Д., Алексеев И.И., Нестеров Б.А.Lodygin E.D., Alekseev I.I., Nesterov B.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4545Введение

Введение. Исследование естественных уровней содержания углеводородов (УВ) в почвах представляет собой актуальную задачу, решение которой поможет объективно оценивать уровень антропогенного загрязнения почв и своевременно ограничивать процессы добычи, переработки и транспортировки нефтяных УВ. Анализ содержания в фоновых почвах УВ позволит выявить закономерности их накопления в регионах Арктики и Субарктики в зависимости от особенностей ландшафта и геохимии территорий.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Отбор репрезентативных образцов основных типов почв проводился с учётом специфики формирования почвенного покрова в различных ландшафтах с использованием маршрутного метода. Концентрацию УВ в образцах определяли в гексановых экстрактах на основе интенсивности их флуоресценции.

Результаты

Результаты. Исследования показали, что на аккумуляцию и распределение УВ в профилях почв влияют различные факторы, такие как генезис почв, рельеф, содержание органического вещества и физической глины. Максимальная концентрация УВ отмечена в почвах аккумулятивных ландшафтов на суглинистых отложениях (Retisols), наименьшая – в почвах элювиальных территорий на песках (Podzols). Профильная дифференциация УВ также более выражена на суглинистых почвах и менее – на песчаных. Полученные результаты позволили актуализировать существующую базу данных и составить карту распределения УВ в фоновых почвах европейской Арктики и Субарктики.

Ограничения исследования

Ограничения исследования. Ограничение исследования связано с отбором проб только фоновых почв, находящихся на расстоянии не менее 1 км от железных и автомобильных дорог, 5 км от населённых пунктов и 10 км от промышленных предприятий. В данной статье мы анализировали лишь природные УВ и не рассматривали остальные классы органических и неорганических соединений.

Заключение

Заключение. Получены данные о концентрации природных УВ в различных фоновых почвах европейского Северо-Востока России с учётом ландшафтно-геохимических особенностей. Результаты дают возможность оценить уровень загрязнения почв европейской Арктики и Субарктики. Показано, что содержание УВ в органогенных горизонтах, характеризующихся высокой способностью к накоплению, может быть интегральным показателем антропогенного загрязнения почв. Для различных типов почв предложены пороговые значения концентрации УВ, которые находятся в широком диапазоне от 3,4 до 40 мг/кг и могут быть использованы для эколого-гигиенической оценки почв высоких широт.

Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Лодыгин Е.Д. – концепция и дизайн исследования, математическая обработка, сбор материала, обработка данных, написание текста; Алексеев И.И., Нестеров Б.А. – сбор материала, обработка данных. Все соавторы – редактирование рукописи, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи и ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РНФ (№ 24-24-00144).

Поступила

Поступила: 01.04.2024 / Принята к печати: 19.06.2024 / Опубликована: 31.01.2025

Introduction

Introduction. The study of natural levels of hydrocarbons (HCs) content in soils is an urgent task, the solution of which will help to objectively assess the level of anthropogenic contamination of soils and timely limit the processes of extraction, processing, and transport of petroleum HCs. The analysis of HCs content in background soils will make it possible to reveal the regularities of their accumulation in the Arctic and Subarctic regions, taking into account the landscape and geochemistry of the areas.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Representative samples of the main soil types were selected using the route method, taking into account the peculiarities of soil cover formation in different landscapes. The concentration of HCs in the samples was determined in hexane extracts based on their fluorescence intensity.

Results

Results. The studies have shown that HCs accumulation and distribution in soil profiles are influenced by various factors such as soil genesis, relief, organic matter content, and physical clay. The highest HCs concentrations were observed in soils of accumulation landscapes on loamy sediments (Retisols), and the lowest in soils of eluvial landscapes on sands (Podzols). HCs profile differentiation is also more pronounced on loamy soils and less so on sandy soils. The results obtained allowed updating the existing database and mapping the HCs distribution in the background soils of the European Arctic and Subarctic.

Limitations

Limitations. The limitation of the study is related to the fact that only background soils at a distance of at least 1 km from railways and motorways, 5 km from settlements and 10 km from industrial plants were sampled. In this paper, only natural HCs were analysed, without considering other classes of organic and inorganic compounds.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The data on the concentration of natural HCs in different background soils of the European North-East of Russia with respect to landscape-geochemical peculiarities have been obtained. The results provide an opportunity to assess the possible level of contamination of soils of the European Arctic and Subarctic. The HC content in organogenic horizons is shown to be characterised by a high accumulation capacity and act as an integral indicator of the aerotechnogenic load on the soil cover. Threshold values of HCs concentration are proposed for the studied soils, which are in a wide range from 3.4 to 40 mg/kg and can be used for ecological and hygienic assessment of high latitude soils.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of the conclusion of the Biomedical Ethics Committee or other documents.

Contribution

Contribution: Lodygin E.D. – study conception and design, mathematical processing, drafting; Alekseev I.I., Nesterov B.A. – collection of material, data processing. All co-authors are responsible for editing the manuscript, approving the final version of the article, and ensuring the integrity of all parts of the article.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. This work was supported by the RSF (no. 24-24-00144).

Received

Received: April 1, 2024 / Accepted: June 19, 2024 / Published: January 31, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.