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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-1-96-100</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">pvwctq</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4556</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка экспрессии генов апоптоза и морфологических изменений в ткани почек при воздействии акриламида и профилактической медикаментозной коррекции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of apoptosis gene expression and morphological changes in kidney tissue under acrylamide exposure and prophylactic drug correction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8798-0846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Репина</surname><given-names>Эльвира Фаридовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Repina</surname><given-names>Elvira F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии и генетики с экспериментальной клиникой лабораторных животных ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: e.f.repina@bk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher of the Department of Toxicology and Genetics with the Experimental Clinic of Laboratory Animals, URIOHHE, 450106, Ufa, Russia</p><p>e-mail: e.f.repina@bk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.f.repina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-6757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримов</surname><given-names>Денис Олегович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimov</surname><given-names>Denis O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, зав. отд. токсикологии и генетики с экспериментальной клиникой лабораторных животных ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: karimovdo@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head of the Department of Toxicology and Genetics with the experimental clinic of laboratory animals, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: karimovdo@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karimovdo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1856-3173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байгильдин</surname><given-names>Самат Сагадатович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baygildin</surname><given-names>Samat S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии и генетики с экспериментальной клиникой лабораторных животных ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: baigildin.samat@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher at the Department of Toxicology and Genetics with the experimental laboratory animal clinic, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: baigildin.samat@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baigildin.samat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1236-8246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якупова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Георгиевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakupova</surname><given-names>Tatyana G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии и генетики с экспериментальной клиникой лабораторных животных ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: tanya.kutlina.92@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher at the Department of Toxicology and Genetics with the Experimental Clinic of Laboratory Animals, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: tanya.kutlina.92@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanya.kutlina.92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5596-8180</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуснутдинова</surname><given-names>Надежда Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusnutdinova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии и генетики с экспериментальной клиникой лабораторных животных ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: h-n-yu@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher at the Department of Toxicology and Genetics with the experimental laboratory animal clinic, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: h-n-yu@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">h-n-yu@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6127-7703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шайхлисламова</surname><given-names>Эльмира Радиковна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaikhlislamova</surname><given-names>Elmira R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, директор ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: shajkh.ehlmira@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Director of the Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: shajkh.ehlmira@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shajkh.ehlmira@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3510-2595</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакиров</surname><given-names>Ахат Бариевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakirov</surname><given-names>Akhat B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик АН РБ, советник директора ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: bakirov@anrb.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Advisor to the Director of the Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: bakirov@anrb.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bakirov@anrb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-310X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гимадиева</surname><given-names>Альфия Раисовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gimadieva</surname><given-names>Alfiya R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. хим. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. фармакофорных циклических систем «УФИХ УФИЦ РАН», 450054, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: alf_gim@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Chemistry), senior researcher at the laboratory of pharmacophore cyclic systems at the Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Center of RAS, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: alf_gim@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alf_gim@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7957-2399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смолянкин</surname><given-names>Денис Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolyankin</surname><given-names>Denis A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии и генетики с экспериментальной клиникой лабораторных животных ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: smolyankin.denis@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher at the Department of Toxicology and Genetics with the experimental clinic for laboratory animals, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: smolyankin.denis@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smolyankin.denis@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека»; ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology; Bashkirian State Medical University of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уфимский институт химии ФГБНУ «уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Репина Э.Ф., Каримов Д.О., Байгильдин С.С., Якупова Т.Г., Хуснутдинова Н.Ю., Шайхлисламова Э.Р., Бакиров А.Б., Гимадиева А.Р., Смолянкин Д.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Репина Э.Ф., Каримов Д.О., Байгильдин С.С., Якупова Т.Г., Хуснутдинова Н.Ю., Шайхлисламова Э.Р., Бакиров А.Б., Гимадиева А.Р., Смолянкин Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Repina E.F., Karimov D.O., Baygildin S.S., Yakupova T.G., Khusnutdinova N.Y., Shaikhlislamova E.R., Bakirov A.B., Gimadieva A.R., Smolyankin D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4556">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4556</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Акриламид – широко известный токсикант, контакт с которым происходит как в производственных, так и в бытовых условиях. Установлено, что он обладает нефротоксичными свойствами.</p><p>Цель работы – оценить экспрессию генов Casp7, Chek1 и изменения структуры ткани почек крыс при длительном воздействии акриламида и профилактической коррекции.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В эксперименте были использованы 60 белых аутбредных крыс-самцов. Акриламид вводили внутрижелудочно в дозе 5 мг/кг массы тела в течение 90 дней. Коррекцию возможных нарушений проводили за 1 ч до введения токсиканта комплексными соединениями оксиметилурацила. Экспрессию генов изучали методом ПЦР в режиме реального времени. Для статистического анализа данных использовали программное обеспечение SPSS Statistics 21.0 (IBM, USA). Проведены морфологические исследования структуры почек крыс по стандартной методике.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что введение акриламида в течение 3 мес в дозе 5 мг/кг массы тела вызывает структурные изменения в ткани почек крыс. При длительном воздействии акриламида наблюдается тенденция к увеличению экспрессии генов Chek1 и Casp7, что может указывать на повреждение клеток и активацию в них процессов репарации и апоптоза. Наибольшее протекторное действие на структуру почек и экспрессию гена Casp7 оказало соединение оксиметилурацила с ацетилцистеином.</p><p>Ограничения исследования заключаются в том, что морфологические изменения в ткани почек при длительном воздействии акриламида сопоставлены с экспрессией только двух генов апоптоза. Для более полного понимания патогенетических изменений при повреждающем действии акриламида на почки необходимо проведение многофакторного анализа с учётом других токсикологических и генетических показателей.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Акриламид при длительном поступлении в организм в дозе 5 мг/кг массы тела оказывает нефротоксическое действие, что подтверждается данными морфологических исследований и тенденцией к повышению экспрессии основных генов апоптоза в ткани почек. Наилучший протекторный эффект по изучаемым показателям наблюдался при профилактическом введении комплексного соединения оксиметилурацила с ацетилцистеином.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено биоэтической комиссией ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека» (протокол заседания от 05.03.2024 г. № 01–03), проведено в соответствии с Европейской конвенцией о защите позвоночных животных, используемых для экспериментов или в иных научных целях (ETS N 123), директивой Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского союза 2010/63/EC от 22.09.2010 г. о защите животных, использующихся для научных целей.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Репина Э.Ф. – концепция и дизайн исследования, статистический анализ, написание текста; Каримов Д.О. – концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста; Байгильдин С.С. – сбор и обработка данных, написание текста; Шайхлисламова Э.Р. – редактирование; Бакиров А.Б. – концепция и дизайн исследования; Гимадиева А.Р. – синтез комплексных соединений оксиметилурацила; Якупова Т.Г., Хуснутдинова Н.Ю., Смолянкин Д.А. – сбор и обработка данных. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа проведена в рамках выполнения государственного задания по отраслевой научно-исследовательской программе Роспотребнадзора «Научное обоснование национальной системы обеспечения санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия, управления рисками здоровью и повышения качества жизни населения России»» на 2021–2025 гг. п. 6.1.8, № гос. регистрации 121062100058–8.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 29.03.2024 / Принята к печати: 19.06.2024 / Опубликована: 31.01.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Acrylamide is a well-known toxicant, contact with which occurs both in industrial and domestic conditions. It has been found to have nephrotoxic properties.</p><p>The purpose of the work is to evaluate the expression of the Casp7, Chek1 genes and changes in the structure of the kidney tissue in rats under long-term exposure to acrylamide and preventive correction.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The experiment used sixty white outbred male rats. Acrylamide was administered intragastrically at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight for 90 days. Correction of possible violations was carried out 1 hour before the administration of the toxicant with complex compounds of hydroxymethyluracil. Gene expression was studied using real-time PCR. SPSS Statistics 21.0 software (IBM, USA) was used for statistical data analysis. Morphological studies of the structure of rat kidneys were carried out using standard methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Studies have shown that exposure to acrylamide for 3 months at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight causes structural changes in the kidney tissue in rats. With long-term exposure to acrylamide, there is a tendency to increase the expression of the Chek1 and Casp7 genes, which may indicate cell damage and activation of repair and apoptosis processes in them. The combination of hydroxymethyluracil with acetylcysteine had the greatest protective effect on the structure of the kidneys and the expression of the Casp7 gene.</p><p>Limitations are that morphological changes in kidney tissue during long-term exposure to acrylamide were correlated with the expression of only two apoptotic genes. For a more complete understanding of the pathogenetic changes during the damaging effect of acrylamide on the kidneys, it is necessary to conduct a multivariate analysis taking into account other toxicological and genetic indicators.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Acrylamide, when ingested for a long time at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, has a nephrotoxic effect, which is confirmed by data from morphological studies and a tendency to increase the expression of the main apoptosis genes in kidney tissue. The best protective effect according to the studied parameters was observed with the prophylactic administration of a complex compound of hydroxymethyluracil with acetylcysteine.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. the study was approved by the bioethical commission of the Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology (the meeting report No. 01–03 dated 03.05.2024), conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or for Other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123), Directive of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union 2010/63/EC of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions: Repina E.F. – study concept and design, statistical analysis, text writing; Karimov D.O. – concept and design of the study, writing the text; Baygildin S.S. – data collection and processing, text writing; Shaykhlislamova E.R. – editing; Bakirov A.B. – concept and design of the study; Gimadieva A.R. – synthesis of hydroxymethyluracil complex compounds; Yakupova T.G., Khusnutdinova N.Yu., Smolyankin D.A. – data collection and processing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The work was carried out as part of the state assignment for the industry research program of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing “Scientific justification of the national system for ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being, managing health risks and improving the quality of life of the population of Russia” for 2021-2025. clause 6.1.8, state no. registration 121062100058-8.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: March 29, 2024 / Accepted: June 19, 2024 / Published: January 31, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>акриламид</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>эксперимент</kwd><kwd>длительное воздействие</kwd><kwd>почки</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd><kwd>экспрессия</kwd><kwd>гены</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acrylamide</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>experiment</kwd><kwd>long-term exposure</kwd><kwd>kidneys</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd><kwd>expression</kwd><kwd>genes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rong H., Gao B., Zhao Y., Sun S., Yang Z., Wang Y., et al. 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