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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-1-101-109</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">qzvrne</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4557</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальное изучение сочетанного действия бензола и физической нагрузки на крыс</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental study of the combined effect of benzene exposure and physical load in rats</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-7845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минигалиева</surname><given-names>Ильзира Амировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minigalieva</surname><given-names>Ilzira A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, зав. отд. токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), Head of the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8284-0008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабардина</surname><given-names>Лада Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabardina</surname><given-names>Lada V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: lada.shabardina@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection  in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: lada.shabardina@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lada.shabardina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-0479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябова</surname><given-names>Юлия Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabova</surname><given-names>Yuliya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, зав. лаб. научных основ биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head of the Laboratory of Scientific Foundations of Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0780-5733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никогосян</surname><given-names>Карен Мерсопович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikogosyan</surname><given-names>Karen M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6718-3217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панов</surname><given-names>Владимир Григорьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panov</surname><given-names>Vladimir G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. физ.-мат. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Physics&amp;Mathematics), Senior Researcher, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутункова</surname><given-names>Марина Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutunkova</surname><given-names>Marina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, директор ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Director, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2726-9259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахаутдинова</surname><given-names>Рената Рашидовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakhautdinova</surname><given-names>Renata R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, зав. ДЛО НПО лабораторно-диагностических технологий, ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head of the Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Research and Production Department “Laboratory and Diagnostic Technologies”, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский–научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский–научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; Институт промышленной экологии Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers; Institute of Industrial Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский–научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека; ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers; Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Минигалиева И.А., Шабардина Л.В., Рябова Ю.В., Никогосян К.М., Панов В.Г., Сутункова М.П., Сахаутдинова Р.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Минигалиева И.А., Шабардина Л.В., Рябова Ю.В., Никогосян К.М., Панов В.Г., Сутункова М.П., Сахаутдинова Р.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Minigalieva I.A., Shabardina L.V., Ryabova Y.V., Nikogosyan K.M., Panov V.G., Sutunkova M.P., Sakhautdinova R.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4557">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4557</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Трудовой процесс на промышленных предприятиях зачастую сопряжён как с действием химических поллютантов, так и с физической нагрузкой, которая может по-разному повлиять на реализацию токсического действия.</p><p>Цель исследования – изучение в эксперименте на крысах реакций организма на сочетанное действие физической нагрузки и бензола.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось на крысах-самцах Wistar, по 10 животных в каждой группе: «Контроль», «Бег», «Бензол», «Бензол + бег». Интоксикация моделировалась путём внутрижелудочного введения бензола 3 раза в неделю в течение 4 нед, разовая доза – 100 мг/кг м. т., физическая нагрузка – с помощью вынужденного бега 5 раз в неделю в течение 4 нед, скорость – 25 м/мин по 10 мин. По окончании эксперимента оценивали биохимические и гематологические показатели крыс, долю клеток разных типов в мазках-отпечатках органов. Статистическая обработка осуществлялась с применением t-критерия Стьюдента, p &lt; 0,05. Для математического моделирования сочетанного действия факторов использовался Response Surface Method (RSM) с построением изобол Лёве.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При воздействии на организм животных только мышечной нагрузки статистически значимые изменения были единичными, в подавляющем большинстве не имели диагностической значимости, при воздействии бензола были зафиксированы сдвиги в системе крови, нарушения свёртываемости и антиоксидантной системы. Физическая нагрузка неоднозначно влияла на эффекты, обусловленные экспозицией к бензолу: в 15,6% случаев выявлена неблагоприятная для организма возможность аддитивного действия или даже потенцирование.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Экстраполяцию результатов исследования на человека следует проводить с осторожностью, поскольку сочетанное действие изучено только при субхронической экспозиции с использованием животных одного вида и пола.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявленная аддитивность по ряду показателей токсического действия даёт важную информацию для понимания и прогнозирования воздействия на организм органических загрязнителей на фоне физической нагрузки.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Экспериментальное исследование было одобрено локальной комиссией по биоэтике ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора (протокол № 2 от 11.01.2024 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Минигалиева И.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Шабардина Л.В. – сбор материала, обработка данных, написание текста; Рябова Ю.В. – написание текста, редактирование; Никогосян К.М. – сбор материала; Панов В.Г. – обработка данных; Сутункова М.П. – редактирование; концепция и дизайн исследования; Сахаутдинова Р.Р. – сбор материала и обработка данных. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 23.04.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 21.05.2024 / Принята к печати: 19.06.2024 / Опубликована: 31.01.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The working process in many industries is often associated not only with chemical exposures but also with heavy physical workload, which can be potent of toxic effects of the former differently.</p><p>The purpose of the study was to establish body responses to effects of benzene exposure combined with exercise in an experiment on rats.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study was conducted on mature male Wistar rats, ten animals in each of the following groups: “Control”, “Running”, “Benzene exposure”, and “Benzene exposure + running”. Subchronic toxicity was modelled by intragastric administration of benzene thrice a week for 4 weeks in a cumulative dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. Exercise was modelled by means of 10-minute forced running sessions at a speed of 25 m/min 5 times a week for 4 weeks. We then measured post-exposure biochemical and hematological indices and the proportion of different types of cells in imprint smears of rat internal organs. Statistical data analysis was carried out using the Student’s t-test with p&lt;0.05. For mathematical modelling of the combined effect of factors, we applied a Response Surface Method (RSM) with the construction of Loewe isobols on its basis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Almost no statistically significant changes were registered in the rodents who exercised while statistical ones were sporadic and diagnostically insignificant in most cases. Benzene exposure induced changes in blood indices indicating blood clotting disorders, typical of chronic exposure to benzene, and in the antioxidant system. The impact of running on health effects of benzene exposure was ambiguous but isobolographic analysis showed possible additivity and even synergy, both detrimental to health, in 15.6 % of cases.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. Extrapolation of the study results to human should be done with caution, since the combined effect has been examined only for subchronic exposure using a single species and sex of laboratory animals.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Additivity proven by a number of indices of toxic effect gives important information for understanding and predicting health effects of exposure to organic pollutants combined with physical activity.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. This experimental study was approved by the institutional Bioethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers (protocol No. 2 of January 11, 2024).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Minigalieva I.A. – study conception and design, editing; Shabardina L.V. – data collection and analysis, draft manuscript preparation; Ryabova Yu.V. – draft manuscript preparation, editing; Nikogosyan K.M. – data collection; Panov V.G. – data analysis; Sutunkova M.P. – editing, study conception and design; Sakhautdinova R.R. – data collection and analysis. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: April 23, 2024 / Revised: May 21, 2024 / Accepted: June 19, 2024 / Published: January 31, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бензол</kwd><kwd>математическая модель</kwd><kwd>сочетанное действие</kwd><kwd>экспериментальное исследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>benzene</kwd><kwd>mathematical model</kwd><kwd>combined effect</kwd><kwd>experimental study</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ATSDR. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; 2024. Available at: https://atsdr.cdc.gov/index.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ATSDR. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; 2024. 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