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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-1-110-116</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">sbmjbj</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4558</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS OF HYGIENIC AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хромато-масс-спектрометрическое определение антибиотиков тетрациклинового ряда в воде с использованием одноквадрупольного масс-анализатора</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chromatographic mass spectrometric determination of tetracycline antibiotics in water using a single-quadrupole mass analyzer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8194-1536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрелецкий</surname><given-names>Алексей Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Streletskiy</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. хим. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. физико-химических исследований и экотоксикологии ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: AStreletsky@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Chemistry), Senior Researcher at the Department of Physico-Chemical Research and Ecotoxicology, Center for Strategic Planning of the FMBA, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: AStreletsky@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AStreletsky@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7032-1366</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савостикова</surname><given-names>Ольга Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savostikova</surname><given-names>Olga N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, начальник отд. физико-химических исследований и экотоксикологии ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: OSavostikova@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head of the Department of Physico-Chemical Research and Ecotoxicology, Center for Strategic Planning of the FMBA, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: OSavostikova@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">OSavostikova@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управление медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Strategic Planning of the FMBA of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>110</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стрелецкий А.В., Савостикова О.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стрелецкий А.В., Савостикова О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Streletskiy A.V., Savostikova O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4558">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4558</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Антибиотики наряду с другими фармацевтическими препаратами встречаются в поверхностных, подземных водах и питьевой воде в малых концентрациях, что является определённым фактором риска возникновения негативного влияния как на экосистему, так и на здоровье человека. Стандартные методы очистки сточных вод зачастую неэффективны для удаления малых органических молекул, в том числе антибиотиков тетрациклинового ряда. Для решения этой задачи необходимы мониторинг и постоянный контроль на основе анализа сточных вод. Современные аналитические методы, такие как высокоэффективная жидкостная хроматография с масс-спектрометрическим детектированием (ВЭЖХ-МС), позволяют определять следовые концентрации веществ. В данной работе представлен новый способ качественного и количественного анализа с использованием квадрупольного масс-анализатора как возможная альтернатива тандемной масс-спектрометрии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Антибиотики тетрациклинового ряда (окситетрациклин, тетрациклин, хлортетрациклин и доксициклин) в водных средах определяли в режиме сканирования выбранных ионов методом ВЭЖХ-МС и в режиме регистрации выбранных реакций методом тандемной масс-спектрометрии ВЭЖХ-МС/МС.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлены хроматографические и масс-спектрометрические критерии идентификации тетрациклинов, определяющие такие ключевые параметры работы квадруполя, как сканирование выделенного иона по его массе к заряду (m/z), время и продолжительность регистрации сигнала. Разработанный способ анализа тетрациклинов с использованием квадрупольного масс-анализатора демонстрирует аналитические характеристики, сопоставимые с тандемной масс-спектрометрией на базе тройного квадрупольного масс-анализатора. Выполнена апробация разработанного способа анализа на квадрупольном масс-анализаторе при исследовании водных проб природных объектов (питьевая вода, вода централизованного водоснабжения и очищенные сточные воды). В представленном способе анализа водных проб был упрощён подход пробоподготовки, что позволило оценить содержание антибиотиков от 1 нг/мл и выше в зависимости от типа водной матрицы (дистиллированная вода, вода централизованного водоснабжения, очищенные сточные воды) без трудоёмкой твердофазной экстракции и концентрирования проб.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. В настоящей работе определяли только исходные формы тетрациклинов без выявления продуктов их химической трансформации и эпимеризации. Представленный подход возможно применять для анализа сточных вод и проверки качества их очистки при концентрации микрозагрязнителей (в данном случае – антибиотиков тетрациклинового ряда) выше 10 нг/мл.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В разработанном нами способе анализа одноквадрупольный масс-анализатор может служить альтернативой более дорогому по начальной стоимости и обслуживанию тандемному масс-спектрометру. Такие ключевые параметры анализа, имеющие принципиальное значение при экологическом мониторинге, как селективность и чувствительность, улучшаются при настройке режима сканирования выделенных ионов. Последнее было успешно продемонстрировано на примере анализа тетрациклинов в водной среде, и данный подход может стать основой для разработки методик определения на базе квадрупольного масс-спектрометра фармацевтических препаратов в водных пробах окружающей среды.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Стрелецкий А.В. – сбор и обработка материала, выполнение экспериментальной работы, статистическая обработка, написание текста, редактирование; Савостикова О.Н. – концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование проведено в рамках темы госзадания: рег. № 388-00099-23-02, № 123040500002-3.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 18.10.2023 / Поступила после доработки: 24.07.2024 / Принята к печати: 02.10.2024 / Опубликована: 31.01.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals are increasingly detected in surface groundwater, and drinking water, raising concerns about their potential adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health. Standard wastewater treatment methods often fail to effectively remove these compounds, particularly small organic molecules like tetracycline antibiotics, leading to their persistence in the environment. To address this issue, continuous monitoring and surveillance are necessary, including regular analysis of wastewater. Modern analytical methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS), allow detecting trace concentrations. This work presents a new method for qualitative and quantitative analysis using a quadrupole mass analyzer, which can serve as an alternative to tandem mass spectrometry.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Tetracycline antibiotics (oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline) in aquatic environments were detercted using selected ion monitoring (HPLC-MS) and selected reaction monitoring through tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. There have been established chromatographic and mass spectrometric criteria for the identification of tetracyclines, determining key operating parameters for the quadrupole, such as selected ion scanning based on mass-to-charge ratio (m/z), signal registration time, and duration. The developed method for analyzing tetracyclines using a quadrupole mass analyzer demonstrates analytical characteristics comparable to tandem mass spectrometry based on a triple quadrupole mass analyzer. The method was validated on a quadrupole mass analyzer during the analysis of water samples from natural sources (drinking water, centralized water supply, and treated wastewater). In this analytical approach, the sample preparation process was simplified, allowing for the assessment of antibiotic content in samples without the need for labour-intensive solid-phase extraction and concentration, starting from 1 ng/ml and above (for various types of water mactrices).</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. In this study, only the intact forms of tetracyclines were identified. Separate investigations into the detection of their chemical transformation products and epimerization were not conducted. The presented approach can be applied for analyzing wastewater and assessing the quality of its treatment, where the concentration of tetracycline antibiotics as micro-pollutants may exceed 10 ng/ml.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The proposed analytical method using a single quadrupole mass analyzer can serve as an alternative to the more expensive tandem mass spectrometer, both in terms of acquisition cost and maintenance. Key analytical characteristics that are important for environmental monitoring, such as selectivity and sensitivity, can be enhanced by optimizing the selected ion scanning mode. This was successfully demonstrated in the analysis of tetracyclines in aquatic environments. This approach could serve as a foundation for developing methodologies for detecting pharmaceutical compounds in environmental water samples using a quadrupole mass spectrometer.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. This study does not require the conclusion of a biomedical ethics committee or other documents.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Streletskiy A.V. – the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing a text; Savostikova O.N. — the concept and design of the study, text writing, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The work was completed within the framework of the state task: reg. No 388-00099-23-02, No 123040500002-3.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: October 18, 2023 / Revised: July 24, 2024 / Accepted: October 2, 2024 / Published: January 31, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>водные пробы</kwd><kwd>тетрациклины</kwd><kwd>масс-спектрометрия</kwd><kwd>электрораспылительная ионизация</kwd><kwd>жидкостная хроматография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>water probe</kwd><kwd>tetracyclines</kwd><kwd>mass-spectrometry</kwd><kwd>electrospray ionization</kwd><kwd>liquid chromatography</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zuccato E., Calamari D., Natangelo M., Fanelli R. Presence of therapeutic drugs in the environment. 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