medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-11-1296-1301medlit-456Research ArticleЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯPOPULATION HEALTHРоль загрязняющих веществ атмосферного воздуха и пестицидов в развитии сахарного диабета 2-го типа (обзор)The role of pollutants of atmospheric air and pesticides in the development of diabetes mellitus type 2ХамитоваРаиса ЯкубовнаKhamitovaR. Ya.

Доктор мед. наук, профессор Института фундаментальной медицины и биологии Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета РФ, 420138, Казань.

e-mail: akendge@rambler.ru

MD, , MD, Ph.D., DSci., Professor, Institute of fundamental medicine and biology of the Kazan (Privolzhsky) Federal University of Russia, Kazan, 420138, Russian Federation.

e-mail: akendge@rambler.ru

akendge@rambler.ruФедеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет»Kazan (Privolzhsky) Federal University of Russia201914102020981112961301Copyright © Хамитова Р.Я., 20202020Хамитова Р.Я.Khamitova R.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/456Введение

Введение. Статья представляет собой первичный и вторичный обзор эпидемиологических исследований о значимости загрязняющих веществ атмосферного воздуха и химических пестицидов для развития сахарного диабета 2-го типа.

Методы

Методы. В статье рассмотрены обзоры, использовавшие базу данных ISI-Web of Science, EMBASE и PubMed для проведения систематического обзора и метаанализа, и оригинальные исследования из PubMed и РИНЦ до марта 2018 г. по оценке причинно-следственных связей инсулиннезависимого сахарного диабета и загрязняющих веществ воздуха и химических пестицидов.

Результаты

Результаты. Химическое загрязнение окружающей среды рассматривают новым фактором риска резистентности к инсулину и развития СД2, хотя количество публикаций ограничено, а степень обоснованности выводов является весьма широкой. Доказательная база относительно влияния на заболеваемость сахарным диабетом 2-го типа наиболее полной является в отношении хлорорганических пестицидов (ДДТ, ДДЕ, ГХЦГ) и стойких органических загрязнителей, являющихся примесями товарных форм отдельных препаратов. Она подкреплена систематическими обзорами, метаанализом, результатами опроса, расчётами рисков. Данные для оценки взаимосвязей диабета и широко используемых в последние две декады глифосатов, хлорфеноксиацетатов, пиретроидов и ряда других препаратов являются недостаточными для статистических обобщений. Промежуточное положение по степени доказательности диабетогенных свойств занимают загрязняющие вещества атмосферного воздуха (PM2,5, PM10, NO2). Обсуждается роль генетической компоненты, ожирения, метаболических нарушений для заболеваемости СД2 в условиях техногенного загрязнения среды обитания.

Заключение

Заключение. Необходимы целенаправленные эпидемиологические исследования об экологических рисках развития сахарного диабета 2-го типа, обусловленных загрязняющими веществами атмосферного воздуха и применяемых на данном этапе пестицидов для организации профилактических мероприятий.

Introduction

Introduction. Primary and secondary review of epidemiological studies on the importance of atmospheric air pollutants and chemical pesticides for the development of diabetes mellitus is presented.

Material and methods

Material and methods. The article includes reviews using the ISI-Web of Science, EMBASE and PubMed database for systematic review and meta-analysis, and original studies from PubMed and RISC until March 2018 to assess the cause-effect relationships of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with air pollutants and chemical pesticides.

Results

Results. Chemical pollution is considered as a new risk factor for insulin resistance and development of CD2, although the number of publications is limited, and the degree of validity of the findings is very wide. The evidence base for the effect on the incidence of diabetes type 2 is the most complete for organochlorine pesticides (DDT, DDE, HCH) and persistent organic pollutants, which are impurities of the commodity forms of individual preparations. It is supported by systematic reviews, meta-analysis, survey results, the content of active ingredients in biomaterial, risk calculations. Data for assessing the interrelationships of diabetes and glyphosates, chlorophenoxyacetates, pyrethroids and other pesticides widely used in the last two decades are insufficient for statistical generalizations. Intermediate position on the degree of evidence of diabetogenic properties occupies air pollutants (PM2,5, PM10, NO2). The role of the genetic component, obesity, metabolic disorders for the incidence of diabetes in conditions of technogenic pollution is discussed.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Targeted epidemiological studies are needed on the environmental risks associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus caused by air pollutants and pesticides used at this stage for the organization of preventive measures.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.