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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-2-174-179</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">bqpfbj</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4650</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние физической активности на распространённость болезней системы кровообращения у работников промышленных предприятий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The influence of physical activity on the prevalence of circulatory diseases in industrial workers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-1761</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Широков</surname><given-names>Василий Афонасьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirokov</surname><given-names>Vasily A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, научный руководитель Института общей и профессиональной патологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: vashirokov@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, scientific director of the Institute of General and Occupational Pathology named after Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences A.I. Potapov, Federal Research Center for Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: vashirokov@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vashirokov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-3006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вараксин</surname><given-names>Анатолий Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varaksin</surname><given-names>Anatoly N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор физ.-мат. наук, гл. науч. сотр. лаб. математического моделирования в экологии и медицине, профессор ФГБУН ИПЭ УрО РАН, 620219, Екатеринбург, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Physics and Mathematics), Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling in Ecology and Medicine, Professor of the Institute of Industrial Ecology, Ural Branch of the RAS, Ekaterinburg, 620219, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7168-4820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврильченко</surname><given-names>Дарья Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilchenko</surname><given-names>Daria S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант, врач-терапевт Института общей и профессиональной патологии им. акад. РАMН А.И. Потапова ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</p><p>e-mail: gavrilchenko.ds@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student, therapeutist, Institute of General and Occupational Pathology named after Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences A.I. Potapov, Federal Research Center for Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: gavrilchenko.ds@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gavrilchenko.ds@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7527-8099</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терехов</surname><given-names>Никита Леонидович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Terekhov</surname><given-names>Nikita L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр., врач-невролог НПО «Клиника неврологии» ФБУН «ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП» Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. of Medical Sciences, senior researcher, neurologist of the Clinic of Neurology, Ekaterinburg Medical-Scientific Center for the Prevention and Health of Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center for Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт промышленной экологии» Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Industrial Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский–научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ekaterinburg Medical-Scientific Center for the Prevention and Health of Industrial Workers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>174</fpage><lpage>179</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Широков В.А., Вараксин А.Н., Гаврильченко Д.С., Терехов Н.Л., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Широков В.А., Вараксин А.Н., Гаврильченко Д.С., Терехов Н.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shirokov V.A., Varaksin A.N., Gavrilchenko D.S., Terekhov N.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4650">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4650</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Кардиоваскулярная патология продолжает занимать ведущее место в структуре общей заболеваемости трудоспособного населения. Физическая активность занимает важное место в снижении сердечно-сосудистого риска. При этом имеются данные о неоднозначном влиянии физической нагрузки в рабочее и в свободное от работы время на распространённость болезней системы кровообращения: интенсивная физическая активность в рабочее время не приносит такой же пользы здоровью работников, как физическая активность в свободное время.</p><p>Цель исследования ‒ оценка влияния различных уровней физической нагрузки в рабочее и свободное от работы время на распространённость болезней системы кровообращения, в частности артериальной гипертензии, у работников металлургического предприятия.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для оценки уровней физической активности в рабочее и в свободное от работы время было выполнено анкетирование при проведении периодических медицинских осмотров 1288 работников металлургических предприятий с использованием Международного опросника физической активности (IPAQ). Физическая активность оценивалась по трём степеням: низкая, умеренная и интенсивная. Рассчитывали коэффициент ранговой корреляции Спирмена. Для показателей с наибольшими коэффициентами корреляции построены рисунки Interaction plots и модели логистической регрессии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что риск развития кардиоваскулярной патологии уменьшается при увеличении времени интенсивной физической активности. Наибольшее положительное влияние на распространённость болезней системы кровообращения оказывают физические нагрузки в свободное от работы время. Физические нагрузки на работе также оказывают положительное влияние, однако меньшее по сравнению с нагрузками в свободное время.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Не проводился сравнительный анализ влияния различных уровней тяжести физических нагрузок на распространённость болезней системы кровообращения по данным специальной оценки условий труда и уровней физической активности по результатам анкетирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты дают основание рекомендовать работникам металлургических предприятий с целью снижения кардиоваскулярного риска увеличивать пропорционально возрасту объём физической активности в свободное от работы время.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование проведено согласно общепринятым научным принципам Хельсинкской декларации Всемирной медицинской ассоциации (ред. 2013 г.). Все участники дали информированное добровольное письменное согласие на участие в исследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Широков В.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, обсуждение результатов, редактирование; Вараксин А.Н. – обработка данных, статистический анализ, обсуждение результатов, редактирование; Гаврильченко Д.С. – обработка материала, сбор данных литературы, написание текста, обсуждение результатов; Терехов Н.Л. – сбор данных, статистический анализ, обсуждение результатов. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 10.06.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 04.09.2024 / Принята к печати: 03.12.2024 / Опубликована: 07.03.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Cardiovascular pathology continues to occupy a leading place in the structure of the general morbidity among the working-age population. Physical activity is essential in reducing cardiovascular risk. At the same time, there is evidence of the ambiguous effect of the physical activity during occupational and leisure time on the prevalence of circulatory diseases: intense occupational physical activity does not bring the same benefits to the health of workers as physical activity over leisure time.</p></sec><sec><title>The purpose</title><p>The purpose. Assessment of the influence of different levels of physical activity during occupational and leisure time on the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, in particular, arterial hypertension, among manufacturing labourers.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. To assess the levels of occupational and leisure time physical activity during periodic medical examinations, a survey of one thousand two hundred eighty eight employees of metallurgical enterprises was conducted using the IPAQ – International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Physical activity was graded in three levels: low, moderate, and intense. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was calculated. Interaction plots and logistic regression models were constructed for indicators with the highest correlation coefficients.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The reduction of the risk of developing cardiovascular pathology, according to the results of this study, is observed by increasing the time devoted to intensive physical activity in the leisure time and during the work. The physical activity during the leisure time has the greatest favourable effect on the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Occupational physical activity also has a favourable effect, but less so compared to exercise over leisure time. </p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. This study did not conduct a comparative analysis of the influence of different physical activity levels on cardiovascular diseases according to a special assessment of working conditions with the results of the impact of different physical activity levels according to the results of a questionnaire.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The results obtained give grounds to recommend that employees of metallurgical enterprises to increase the amount of physical activity during the leisure time, especially with increasing age to reduce cardiovascular risk. </p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was conducted according to the generally accepted scientific principles of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (ed. 2013). All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Shirokov V.A. – concept and design of the study, text writing, discussion of the results, editing; Varaksin A.N. – data processing, statistical analysis, discussion of results, editing; Terekhov N.L. – data collection, statistical analysis, discussion of the results; Gavrilchenko D.S. – processing of material, collection of literature data, writing text, discussion of the results. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: June 6, 2024 / Revised: September 4, 2024 / Accepted: December 3, 2024 / Published: March 7, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезни системы кровообращения</kwd><kwd>профессиональная физическая активность</kwd><kwd>тяжесть труда</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>occupational physical activity</kwd><kwd>severity of work</kwd><kwd>prevention of circulatory diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение в России – 2023: Статистический сборник. М.: Росстат; 2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Healthcare in Russia – 2023: Statistical collection. Moscow: Rosstat; 2023. 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