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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-3-258-264</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">vgtvcv</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4708</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка хронического воздействия электромагнитных полей систем сотовой связи 2–5G на организм животных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>2–5 G mobile communication electromagnetic field chronic animal exposure assessment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6903-4327</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перов</surname><given-names>Сергей Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perov</surname><given-names>Sergey Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, зав. лаб. электромагнитных полей ФГБНУ «НИИ МТ им. акад. Н.Ф. Измерова», 105275, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: perov@irioh.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), Head of the Electromagnetic field laboratory, Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: perov@irioh.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">perov@irioh.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3561-1605</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Походзей</surname><given-names>Лариса Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokhodzey</surname><given-names>Larisa V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. лаб. электромагнитных полей ФГБНУ «НИИ МТ им. акад. Н.Ф. Измерова», 105275, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: Lapokhodzey@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), leading researcher of the Electromagnetic field laboratory Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: Lapokhodzey@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Lapokhodzey@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3999-0457</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пальцев</surname><given-names>Юрий Петрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paltsev</surname><given-names>Yuriy P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотр. лаб. электромагнитных полей ФГБНУ «НИИ МТ им. акад. Н.Ф. Измерова», 105275, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: paltsev@irioh.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, chief researcher of the Electromagnetic field laboratory Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: paltsev@irioh.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">paltsev@irioh.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8747-9856</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лифанова</surname><given-names>Раъно Зобидовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lifanova</surname><given-names>Rano Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. лаб. электромагнитных полей ФГБНУ «НИИ МТ им. акад. Н.Ф. Измерова», 105275, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: lifanova@irioh.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher of the Electromagnetic field laboratory, Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: lifanova@irioh.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lifanova@irioh.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>258</fpage><lpage>264</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Перов С.Ю., Походзей Л.В., Пальцев Ю.П., Лифанова Р.З., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Перов С.Ю., Походзей Л.В., Пальцев Ю.П., Лифанова Р.З.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Perov S.Y., Pokhodzey L.V., Paltsev Y.P., Lifanova R.Z.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4708">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4708</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Интенсивное внедрение современных беспроводных сетей связи и коммуникаций, создающих многочастотные модулированные электромагнитные поля радиочастотного диапазона (ЭМП РЧ), привело к существенному изменению электромагнитного фона в среде обитания человека, что требует проведения научных исследований по оценке риска их влияния на организм.</p><p>Цель исследования – изучить особенности биологического действия мультичастотных электромагнитных полей радиочастотного диапазона, создаваемых системами сотовой связи стандартов GSM (2G), UMTS (3G), LTE (4G) и 5G NR IMT-2020 (5G), на отдельные показатели функционального состояния организма животных в условиях хронического эксперимента.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Крысы-самцы линии Wistar массой тела 180–200 г подвергались круглосуточному четырёхмесячному облучению: группа 1 – воздействие ЭМП в соответствии со стандартами 2–5G (1,8; 2,1; 2,6; 3,6; 28; 37 ГГц) с суммарной плотностью потока энергии (ППЭ) 500 мкВт/см2, группа 2 – воздействие ЭМП стандарта 5G NR IMT-2020 (3,6; 28; 37 ГГц) с ППЭ 250 мкВт/см2. Группа контроля облучению не подвергалась. После каждого месяца экспозиции проводили декапитацию 12 животных каждой группы, осуществляли забор периферической крови для определения концентрации адренокортикотропного гормона (АКТГ) и кортикостерона, показателей перекисного окисления липидов, каталазы, изучения лейкоцитарной формулы.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлены волнообразные достоверные изменения содержания АКТГ и кортикостерона в сыворотке крови в отдельные периоды облучения, более выраженные в группе экспозиции 2–5G. У животных этой группы к концу 3-го и 4-го месяцев облучения обнаружено достоверное снижение концентраций карбонилов, диеновых конъюгатов и кетодиенов, в группе 5G в 1-й, 2-й, 3-й месяцы воздействия волнообразно изменялась только концентрация карбонилов, а после 1-го и 4-го месяцев снижалась концентрация каталазы, что свидетельствует о нарушении баланса про- и антиоксидантной систем. Выявленные достоверные изменения процентного соотношения форменных элементов белой крови, особенно лимфоцитов, нейтрофилов и эозинофилов, свидетельствуют о неустойчивости иммунного статуса организма облучённых животных.</p><p>Ограничения исследования связаны с числом экспериментальных животных и режимов облучения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о чувствительности исследованных систем организма животных к воздействию мультичастотных ЭМП, более выраженной в группе экспозиции 2–5G, отличающейся от группы 5G большим набором используемых частот и в два раза большей интенсивностью, и позволяют говорить о развитии адаптационно-компенсаторных изменений, которые при продолжении облучения могут привести к срыву адаптации.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Получено положительное экспертное заключение локального этического комитета ФГБНУ «НИИ МТ» (протокол № 3 от 19.04.2023 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Перов С.Ю. – концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование; Походзей Л.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование; Пальцев Ю.П. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование; Лифанова Р.З. – сбор и обработка данных, написание текста. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи и ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 30.07.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 18.09.2024 / Принята к печати: 03.12.2024 / Опубликована: 31.03.2025</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The intensive implementation of modern wireless communications networks using multi-frequency modulated electromagnetic fields radiofrequency (EMF RF) has led to a significant change in the electromagnetic background, which requires scientific research to assess the human health risk.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. To study the features of the biological effects chronic exposure to multi-frequency EMF RF from mobile communication systems of GSM (2G), UMTS (3G), LTE (4G) and 5G NR IMT-2020 (5G) standards on some state of indices in animals.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Male Wistar rats of 180–200 g weight were subjected to round-the-clock 4-month exposure: group 1 – EMF exposure according to 2–5G standards (1.8; 2.1; 2.6; 3.6; 28 ; 37 GHz) with a total power density (PD) of 500 µW/cm2, group 2 – EMF exposure according to 5G NR IMT-2020 standard (3.6; 28; 37 GHz) with a PD 250 µW/cm2 with sham-exposure (parallel control). After every exposure month 12 animals from each group were decapitated and peripheral blood was collected for evaluation of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone, lipid peroxidation, catalase, and leukogram.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Wave-like significant changes in ACTH and corticosterone blood concentrations were revealed in exposure periods, more pronounced in the 2–5G exposure group. In this group, by the end of the 3rd and 4th months, carbonyls, diene conjugates and ketodienes concentrations had significant decrease; in the 5G group, in the 1st–3rd months of exposure, only the concentration of carbonyls changed, and in the 1st and 4th months the concentration of catalase decreased, which indicates an imbalance of pro- and antioxidant systems. The identified significant formed elements of white blood, especially lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils, indicate to the instability of the immune status of exposure animals.</p><p>Limitations of the study are related to the number of experimental animals and exposure modes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The data obtained indicate to the sensitivity of animals for multi-frequency EMF biological effects, more pronounced in the 2–5G exposure group, which differs from the 5G group in a larger set of frequencies used and 2 times higher level exposure. These research results indicate to adaptive-compensatory changes that with continued exposure can lead to failure the of adaptation.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. A positive expert opinion was received from the local ethics committee of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation (protocol No. 3 dated of 19.04.2023).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Perov S.Yu. – study concept and design, text writing, editing; Pokhodzey L.V. – study concept and design, data collection and processing, text writing, editing; Paltsev Yu.P. – study concept and design, data collection and processing, text writing, editing. Lifanova R.Z. – data collection and processing, text writing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgement</title><p>Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: July 13, 2024 / Revised: September 18, 2024 / Accepted: December 3, 2024 / Published: March 31, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электромагнитное поле</kwd><kwd>мультичастотная экспозиция 2–5G</kwd><kwd>хроническое облучение</kwd><kwd>гормоны</kwd><kwd>про- и антиоксидантная системы</kwd><kwd>лейкоцитарная формула</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electromagnetic field</kwd><kwd>multi-frequency exposure 2–5G</kwd><kwd>chronic exposure</kwd><kwd>hormones</kwd><kwd>pro- and antioxidant systems</kwd><kwd>leukogram</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gajšek P. Public exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields. 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