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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-4-442-450</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">embqxw</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4823</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аддиктивное поведение современных подростков: факторы риска и защиты, профилактика</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Addictive behaviour in modern teenagers: risk and protective factors, prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-0614</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сетко</surname><given-names>Нина Павловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Setko</surname><given-names>Nina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. каф. профилактической медицины ФГБОУ ВО «ОрГМУ» Минздрава России, 460000, Оренбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: K_epidem.fpdo@orgma.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Preventive Medicine, Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg, 460000, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: K_epidem.fpdo@orgma.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">K_epidem.fpdo@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4694-0674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жданова</surname><given-names>Олеся Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhdanova</surname><given-names>Olesya M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ассистент каф. профилактической медицины ФГБОУ ВО «ОрГМУ» Минздрава России, 460000, Оренбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: Robokors@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Food Hygiene, Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: a_isetko@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Robokors@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9724-8672</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сетко</surname><given-names>Андрей Геннадьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Setko</surname><given-names>Andrey G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. отд. гигиены питания ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: a_isetko@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant at the Department of Preventive Medicine, Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg, 460000, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: Robokors@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a_isetko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>442</fpage><lpage>450</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сетко Н.П., Жданова О.М., Сетко А.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сетко Н.П., Жданова О.М., Сетко А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Setko N.P., Zhdanova O.M., Setko A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4823">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4823</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Исследование аддиктивного поведения подростков и формирующих его факторов рассматривается как ключевой элемент стратегии общественного здравоохранения, направленной на снижение распространения различных зависимостей среди молодёжи.</p><p>Цель исследования – установить факторы риска и защиты от формирования у современных подростков аддиктивного поведения, разработать профилактические мероприятия по снижению его распространённости в молодёжной среде.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследованы образовательные, социально-гигиенические, психоэмоциональные факторы риска и защиты, формы аддиктивного поведения у 298 подростков 11–15 лет с использованием стандартизированных опросников и методик.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показано, что ведущими факторами риска формирования аддиктивного поведения у современных подростков становятся высокая напряжённость учебного труда по показателям интеллектуальных и эмоциональных нагрузок; проживание в неполных семьях (44% подростков); низкий материальный достаток семей (48,6%); развитие враждебности (20% девочек и 31,7% мальчиков), агрессивности (25% девочек), клинической тревоги (14,1% девочек и 12,5% мальчиков), субклинической депрессии (15,8% девочек и 12% мальчиков), стресса (14,9% девочек); использование неадаптивных копинг-стратегий в виде повышения самооценки (39,3% девочек) и поиска виновных (27,3% мальчиков). Установлено, что 12,9% девочек и 14,7% мальчиков употребляли алкоголь с частотой до одного раза в месяц; 8,6% девочек и 10% мальчиков пробовали электронные сигареты; 2,3% мальчиков регулярно курили традиционные сигареты; у 23,1% девочек и 13,9% мальчиков регистрировалась склонность к развитию интернет-зависимости, у 1,3% мальчиков сформированная интернет-зависимость.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Выборка подростков, обучающихся в общеобразовательных организациях Оренбурга, ограничивает возможность генерализации результатов на другие регионы и типы образовательных организаций.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На основании выявленных факторов защиты, среди которых приоритетными были социально-бытовое окружение (72,9%), семья (69%), личные качества (60,9%) и образовательная среда (45,8%), разработаны профилактические мероприятия. Их внедрение в образовательных организациях позволит обеспечить благоприятные условия для гармоничного развития подростков и формирования у них здоровых и адаптивных моделей поведения, будет способствовать снижению распространённости аддиктивного поведения в молодёжной среде.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Настоящее исследование одобрено этическим комитетом ФГБОУ ВО ОрГМУ МЗ РФ (протокол № 322 от 06.09.2023 г.), проведено в соответствии с Хельсинкской декларацией Всемирной медицинской ассоциации. Все участники дали информированное добровольное письменное согласие на участие в исследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Сетко Н.П. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Жданова О.М. – концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка; Сетко А.Г. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 27.09.2024 / Поступила после доработки: 10.12.2024 / Принята к печати: 26.03.2025 / Опубликована: 30.04.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The study of various forms of adolescent addictive behaviour and the factors that form it, is considered a key element of the public health strategy aimed at reducing the level of addiction among young people.</p><p>The purpose of the study is to establish risk and protective factors for the development of addictive behaviour in modern adolescents, on the basis of which to develop preventive measures to reduce its prevalence among young people.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Educational, social and hygienic, psycho-emotional risk, and protective factors, forms of addictive behaviour were studied in two hundred ninety eight adolescents aged of 11–14 years using standardized questionnaires and methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Leading risk factors for the formation of addictive behaviour in modern adolescents are shown to be of high intensity of academic work in terms of intellectual and emotional stress; 44.0% of adolescents living in single-parent families, low material wealth of 48.6% of adolescents’ families; development of hostility in 20% of girls and 31.7% of boys, aggressiveness in 25% of girls, clinical anxiety in 14.1% of girls and 12.5% ​​of boys, subclinical depression in 15.8% of girls and 12% of boys, stress in 14.9% of girls; as well as the use of maladaptive coping strategies in the form of increasing self-esteem among 39.3% of girls and searching for the guilty among 27.3% of boys. It was found that 12.9% of girls and 14.7% of boys consumed alcohol up to once a month, 8.6% of girls and 10% of boys tried electronic cigarettes, and 2.3% of boys smoked traditional cigarettes regularly; 23.1% of girls and 13.9% of boys were registered as having a tendency to develop Internet addiction, 1.3% of boys had Internet addiction.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The sample of adolescents studying in general education institutions of the city of Orenburg limits the possibility of generalizing the results to other regions and types of educational institutions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Based on the identified risk factors and protective factors, where the priority factors were related to the social and living environment (72.9%), family (69.0%), personal qualities (60.9%) and educational environment (45.8%), preventive measures were developed, the introduction of which in educational institutions will ensure favourable conditions for the harmonious development of adolescents and the formation of healthy and adaptive behaviour patterns in them, helping to reduce the prevalence of addictive behaviour among young people.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Orenburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Protocol No. 322 dated September 6, 2023) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants were recruited voluntarily and provided written informed consent.</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions: Setko N.P. – concept and design of the study, editing; Zhdanova O.M. – concept and design of the study, writing the text; collection and processing of material; statistical processing; Setko A.G. – concept and design of the study, editing. All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no explicit and potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: September 27, 2024 / Revised: October 10, 2024 / Accepted: March 26, 2025 / Published: April 30, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>подростки</kwd><kwd>аддиктивное поведение</kwd><kwd>употребление алкоголя</kwd><kwd>курение</kwd><kwd>интернет-зависимость</kwd><kwd>психическое здоровье</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>факторы защиты</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adolescents</kwd><kwd>addictive behavior</kwd><kwd>alcohol use</kwd><kwd>smoking</kwd><kwd>internet addiction</kwd><kwd>mental health</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>protective factors</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hossain S., Chowdhury P.B., Mohsin M., Biswas R.K. 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