medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-4-518-523qoxsgemedlit-4834Research ArticleОЦЕНКА РИСКОВ ДЛЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯHEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTГигиенические аспекты оценки комбинированного действия химических факторов среды обитания на здоровье человека (обзор литературы)Hygienic aspects of the assessment of combined effect of chemical environmental factors on human health (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-1145ЗайцеваНина ВладимировнаZaitsevaNina V.

Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, научный руководитель ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия

e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru

DSc (Medicine), Professor, Academician of the RAS, Scientific Director of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation

e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru

znv@fcrisk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-4526КольдибековаЮлия ВячеславовнаKoldibekovaJuliya V.

Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. с выполнением обязанностей зав. лаб. метаболизма и фармакокинетики отд. биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия

e-mail: koldibekova@fcrisk.ru

PhD (Biology), senior researcher with the duties of head of the laboratory of metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the department of biochemical and cytogenetic diagnostic methods of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation

e-mail: koldibekova@fcrisk.ru

koldibekova@fcrisk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-9613ЗемляноваМарина АлександровнаZemlyanovaMarina A.

Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. отд. биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия

e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru

Dsci (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Biochemical and Cytogenetic Diagnostic Methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation

e-mail:zem@fcrisk.ru

zem@fcrisk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-7214-0413ТетеринаДарья МихайловнаTeterinaDaria M.

Лаборант-исследователь лаборатории биохимической и наносенсорной диагностики отдела биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики, ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия

e-mail: teterina2000@gmail.com

Laboratory assistant-researcher of the laboratory of biochemical and nanosensor diagnostics of the Department of biochemical and cytogenetic diagnostic methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation

e-mail:  teterina@fcrisk.ru

teterina2000@gmail.comФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человекаРоссияFederal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management TechnologiesRussian Federation2025300420251044518523Copyright © Зайцева Н.В., Кольдибекова Ю.В., Землянова М.А., Тетерина Д.М., 20252025Зайцева Н.В., Кольдибекова Ю.В., Землянова М.А., Тетерина Д.М.Zaitseva N.V., Koldibekova J.V., Zemlyanova M.A., Teterina D.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4834

Изучение комбинированного действия химических веществ и его оценка – одна из актуальных задач гигиены и профилактической медицины. На организм человека одновременно воздействуют разные по химической структуре вещества, постоянно присутствующие в среде обитания, поэтому оценка комбинации смесей переменного состава достаточна сложна. Для определения основных направлений развития и совершенствования методологии решения этой задачи необходима систематизация знаний о закономерностях и особенностях комбинированной токсичности. В настоящем обзоре представлены наиболее значимые с точки зрения наукоёмкости и результативности методические подходы к оценке действия смеси химических веществ, разработанные за последние тридцать лет. Материалом для настоящего обзора послужили отечественные и зарубежные научные публикации, индексируемые в поисковых системах eLIBRARY, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, и материалы международных научных организаций о методах оценки комбинированного действия химических веществ (54 публикации). В целом существующие модели компетенций в области оценки комбинированной токсичности веществ достигли определённого уровня. К настоящему времени устанавливают более сложные, чем простая суммация, взаимодействия веществ (антагонизм, синергизм и его частные случаи – потенцирование и эмерджентность); рассчитывают риски, обусловливающие негативные последствия комбинированной экспозиции; применяют многомерные регрессионные и нейросетевые модели для повышения качества, адекватности и объективности оценки. Однако имеющиеся общенаучные достижения в данной области исследований не отменяют необходимости дальнейшего развития методологических подходов к количественной оценке дополнительного риска, обусловленного комбинированным действием, для совершенствования методологии гигиенического нормирования химических веществ и различных их комбинаций в объектах среды обитания. Это позволит совершенствовать систему государственного регулирования в сфере минимизации рисков и причинения вреда здоровью – ключевого компонента суверенитета Российской Федерации.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Зайцева Н.В. – концепция и редактирование; Землянова М.А. – дизайн исследования, редактирование; Кольдибекова Ю.В., Тетерина Д.М. – сбор и анализ данных литературы, написание текста. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Поступила

Поступила: 07.02.2025 / Поступила после доработки: 14.03.2025 / Принята к печати: 26.03.2025 / Опубликована: 30.04.2025

The study of combined effects of chemicals and their assessment is one among urgent issues of hygiene and preventive medicine. Chemicals with variable chemical composition that persist in environmental objects produce simultaneous effects on human health; given that, it is a challenge for researchers to assess combinations of chemicals with variable composition. To identify key areas of development and improve the methodology for addressing it, it is necessary to systematize knowledge as regards studying patterns and features of combined toxicity. This review presents the most significant, in terms of their science intensity and effectiveness, methodological approaches to the assessing effects produced by a mixture of chemicals, which have been developed over the past thirty years. This review focuses on data provided in Russian and foreign scientific literature sources, which are indexed in the search engines eLIBRARY, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and international scientific organizations and devoted to methods for assessing combined effects of chemicals (fifty four publications). In general, existing competency models for assessing combined toxicity of substances have reached a certain level of knowledge. At present, established interactions of substances (antagonism, synergism and its special cases – potentiation and emergence) tend to be more complex than simple summation; risks that cause adverse consequences of combined exposure are calculated; multivariate regression and neural network models are used to improve the quality, adequacy, and objectivity of assessment. However, despite the existing general scientific achievements in this area of ​​research, there is an urgent need for further development of methodological approaches to quantitative assessment of additional risk caused by combined effects. Expanding scientific foundations will allow further improving the methodology for hygienic regulation over levels of chemicals in their various combinations in environmental objects. This is critically important for updating the system of state regulation aimed at minimizing risks and health harm, as a key component of the Russian Federation sovereignty.

Contribution

Contribution: Zaitseva N.V. – study concept and editing; Zemlyanova M.A. – study design, editing; Koldibekova Yu.V., Teterina D.M. – collection and analysis of literary data, writing the text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received

Received: February 7, 2025 / Revised: March 14, 2025 / Accepted: March 26, 2025 / Published: April 30, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.