medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-5-554-561ogmxfdmedlit-4919Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENEИспользование сенсорных и аналитических методов в гигиенической оценке запаха в атмосферном воздухе (обзор литературы)Use of sensory and analytical methods in hygienic assessment of odour in atmospheric air (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4319-7192БударинаОльга ВикторовнаBudarinaOlga V.

Доктор мед. наук, гл. науч. сотр. отд. анализа риска здоровью населения ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора,141014, Мытищи, Россия

e-mail: budarina.ov@fncg.ru

DSc (Medicine), chief researcher, Department of Public Health Risk Analysis, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytischi, 141014, Russian Federation

e-mail: budarina.ov@fncg.ru

budarina.ov@fncg.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6374-9292СковронскаяСветлана АлександровнаSkovronskayaSvetlana A.

Канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. анализа риска здоровью населения ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия

e-mail: sko_sveta@mail.ru

PhD (Medicine), senior researcher, Department of Public Health Risk Analysis, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytischi, 141014, Russian Federation

e-mail: sko_sveta@mail.ru

sko_sveta@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7251-3938ГошинМихаил ЕвгеньевичGoshinMikhail E.

Канд. хим. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. анализа риска здоровью населения ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия

e-mail: Goshin.ME@fncg.ru

PhD (Chemistry), senior researcher, Department of Public Health Risk Analysis, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytischi, 141014, Russian Federation

e-mail: Goshin.ME@fncg.ru

Goshin.ME@fncg.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-8344СабироваЗульфия ФаридовнаSabirovaZulfiya F.

Доктор мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия

e-mail: ZSabirova@cspmz.ru

DSc (Medicine), leading researcher, Department of Hygiene, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation

e-mail: ZSabirova@cspmz.ru

ZSabirova@cspmz.ruФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» РоспотребнадзораРоссияFederal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. ErismanRussian FederationФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» ФМБА РоссииРоссияCentre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agencyRussian Federation2025270620251045554561Copyright © Бударина О.В., Сковронская С.А., Гошин М.Е., Сабирова З.Ф., 20252025Бударина О.В., Сковронская С.А., Гошин М.Е., Сабирова З.Ф.Budarina O.V., Skovronskaya S.A., Goshin M.E., Sabirova Z.F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4919

Вследствие особенностей воздействия на человека запахи окружающей среды до сих пор не регламентированы общепринятыми стандартами, что затрудняет их количественное измерение. Это подчёркивает необходимость исследований, направленных на разработку универсальных критериев оценки запахов, присутствующих в атмосферном воздухе.

Цель работы – обобщение и анализ имеющихся в мировой практике подходов, используемых для оценки запахов в окружающей среде. Поиск источников научной информации проводили в базах данных Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Researchgate, РИНЦ, eLIBRARY и Google Scholar за 1999–2024 гг. Согласно проведённому анализу, разнообразные подходы к оценке загрязнения атмосферного воздуха пахучими веществами можно разделить на три основные категории: участие сообщества, сенсорные методы и лабораторный химический анализ. При этом в настоящее время ни один подход не может полностью решить задачу измерения и оценки запаха в атмосфере. При использовании сенсорных методов (профилирование запахов, полевые исследования, полевая ольфактометрия), отражающих реальное воздействие на человека, зачастую можно получить противоречивые результаты вследствие существенной зависимости от индивидуального восприятия исследователем. Методы химического анализа (газовая хроматография, масс-спектрометрия), обладающие вследствие объективности большей определённостью, не отражают восприятия запаха человеком, поэтому не всегда возможно связать идентифицированный химический состав с запахом, как и учесть вклад отдельных приоритетных одорантов. Сегодня назрела очевидная потребность в разработке стандарта мониторинга запахов в атмосферном воздухе, сочетающего все доступные методы.

Заключение

Заключение. Дальнейшее совершенствование инструментов измерения и разработка стандартного подхода, сочетающего участие сообщества, сенсорные и аналитические методы, в итоге должно привести к научно обоснованным количественным критериям оценки запаха, установлению регламентов его содержания и контроля в атмосферном воздухе для минимизации вредного воздействия в районе размещения предприятий-источников.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Бударина О.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование; Сковронская С.А. – сбор и обработка материала, редактирование; Гошин М.Е. – сбор и обработка материала, редактирование; Сабирова З.Ф. – редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания № 1023032300263–5–3.3.5.

Поступила

Поступила: 07.02.2025 / Поступила после доработки: 25.02.2025 / Принята к печати: 26.03.2025 / Опубликована: 27.06.2025

Odours that affect humans are still not regulated by generally accepted standards, which makes their quantitative measurement difficult due to the peculiarities of perception. This highlights the need for research aimed at developing universal criteria for assessing odours present in the atmospheric air.

The purpose of the work is to generalize and analyze the approaches available in world practice used to assess odours in the environment. The search of literature sources was carried out using the databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Researchgate, RSCI, elibrary and Google scholar for 1999–2024.

According to the analysis, various approaches to the assessment of ambient air pollution by odorous substances can be divided into three main categories: community engagement, sensory methods, and laboratory chemical analysis. At the same time, no single approach can currently fully solve the problem of measuring and assessing odour in the atmosphere. Sensory methods (odour profiling, field studies, field olfactometry) which reflect real human exposure can lead to inconsistent results due to the significant dependence on the individual perception of the researcher. Chemical analysis methods (such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry), have greater certainty due to their objectivity, but do not reflect human perception and it is not always possible to associate the identified chemical composition with odour, as well as to take into account the contribution of individual priority odourants. Today, there is an clear need to develop a standard for monitoring odours in atmospheric air, combining all available methods.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Further refinement of measurement tools and the development of a standard approach combining community participation, sensory, and analytical methods should eventually lead to scientifically based quantitative criteria for odour assessment, including established regulations for its content and control in ambient air to minimize harmful impacts in the area of source enterprises.

Contribution

Contribution: Budarina O.V. – concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing the article; Skovronskaya S.A. – collection and processing of the material, editing the article; Goshin M.E. – collection and processing of the material, editing the article; Sabirova Z.F. – editing the article. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

Funding. The study was carried out within the framework of the state task No. 1023032300263-5-3.3.5.

Received

Received: February 7, 2025 / Revised:  February 25, 2025 / Accepted: April 8, 2025 / Published: June 27, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.