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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-5-584-588</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">sbzbon</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-4924</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Показатели иммунорегуляции как маркёры эффекта биоэкспозиции фенолом у детей с атопическим дерматитом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunoregulation indices as markers of the effect of phenol bioexposure in children with atopic dermatitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0170-1824</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дианова</surname><given-names>Дина Гумяровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dianova</surname><given-names>Dina G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, доцент, ст. науч. сотр. отд. иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН» Роспотребнадзора, 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: dianovadina@rambler.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Associate Professor, Senior Researcher, Department of Immunobiological Diagnostic Methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies for Public Health Risk Management, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: dianovadina@rambler.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dianovadina@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-3145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. отд. иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН» Роспотребнадзора, 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: oleg@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Head of the Department of Immunobiological Diagnostic Methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies for Public Health Risk Management, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: oleg@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleg@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>584</fpage><lpage>588</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дианова Д.Г., Долгих О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дианова Д.Г., Долгих О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dianova D.G., Dolgikh O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4924">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/4924</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Продолжительное и низкодозовое воздействие химических соединений техногенного происхождения, в том числе фенола, опосредует нарушение механизмов иммунорегуляции и повышает риск развития аллергических патологий у детей дошкольного возраста.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследованы дети 4‒7 лет с диагнозом «атопический дерматит», проживающие на территории со среднесуточной дозой аэрогенной экспозиции фенолом 0,00408 мг/кг/сут (0,6 ПДК), максимальной разовой дозой 0,01632 мг/кг/сут (2,4 ПДК). Все обследованные дети с атопическим дерматитом находились в стадии ремиссии. Обследуемые группы сформированы по критерию биоконтаминации фенолом крови (р = 0,033): 69 детей вошли в группу наблюдения, 105 детей ‒ в группу сравнения. В работе использовали цитофлюрометрический, иммуноферментный и аллергосорбентный методы исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что у детей группы наблюдения статистически значимо (р = 0,005‒0,048) на 50% повышена популяция CD8+-, CD19+-клеток и на 15% ‒ CD95+-клеток; до 70% количество клеточных фенотипов CD4+CD25+CD127−-лимфоцитов и на 40% AnnexinV-FITC+7AAD+-клеток на фоне снижения на 10% лимфоцитов, экспрессирующих HLA-DR-маркёр, относительно значений группы сравнения. Межгрупповое сравнение уровня специфической сенсибилизации выявило, что у детей группы наблюдения титр IgG, специфического к фенолу, на 15% превышает значения детей группы сравнения (р = 0,01). Результаты математического моделирования продемонстрировали зависимость гиперпродукции IgG, специфического к фенолу, от концентрации в крови фенола (RR = 1,46; 95%-й ДИ = 1,1‒1,93).</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Ограничения исследования связаны c небольшим объёмом выборки в обследуемых группах детского населения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У детей группы наблюдения с атопическим дерматитом и повышенной биоэкспозицией фенолом формируется иммунологический фенотип, характеризующийся дисбалансом показателей иммунорегуляции и специфической сенсибилизацией: количество CD4CD25CD127−, HLA-DR и Annexin V-FITC+7AAD+-лимфоцитов, а также специфический к фенолу IgG, формирующий повышенный относительный риск развития атопических реакций (RR = 1,46). Полученные результаты позволяют рекомендовать данные индикаторные показатели в качестве маркёров эффекта для идентификации и снижения риска формирования иммунорегуляторных нарушений у детей с атопическим дерматитом, экспонированных фенолом.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено комитетом по биомедицинской этике «Локальный этический комитет ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН» (протокол № 4 от 16.05.2023 г.). Все законные представители участников дали информированное добровольное письменное согласие на участие в исследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Дианова Д.Г. – разработка концепции и дизайна исследования, сбор и обработка данных, написания текста; Долгих О.В. – разработка концепции исследования, анализ и интерпретация данных, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 08.04.2025 / Поступила после доработки: 15.04.2025 / Принята к печати: 30.04.2025 / Опубликована: 27.06.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Long-term and low-dose exposure to technogenic chemical compounds (using phenol as an example) mediates disruption of immune regulation mechanisms and increases the risk of allergic diseases in preschool children. </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 4–7 years children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, living in an area where the average daily dose of airborne exposure to phenol was 0.00408 mg/(kg×day), the maximum single dose was 0.01632 mg/(kg×day). The study groups were created according to the criterion of blood phenol biocontamination (p=0.033): Sixty nine children in the observation group; 105 in the reference group. The study relied on using cytofluorometry, enzyme immunoassay and allergosorbent research methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the observation group, the population of CD8+, CD19+ cells was found to be significantly (p=0.005–0.048) increased by 50% and CD95+ cells by 15%; the number of cell phenotypes of CD4+CD25+CD127 –-lymphocytes by 70% and AnnexinV-FITC+7AAD+-cells by 40% against a 10% decrease in lymphocytes expressing the HLA-DR marker relative to the values established in the reference group. Intergroup comparison of the level of specific sensitization revealed the titer of IgG specific to phenol to be by 15% higher in the children from the observation against the levels established in the reference group (p=0.010). The results of mathematical modelling demonstrated the dependence of hyperproduction of IgG specific to phenol on the phenol levels in blood (RR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.10–1.93). </p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The limitations of the study are related to the limited sample size in the surveyed groups of the child population.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Thus, a specific immunological phenotype is formed in children with atopic dermatitis from the observation group and increased bioexposure to phenol. It is characterized by an imbalance in the parameters of immune regulation and specific sensitization such as the number of CD4+CD25+CD127-, HLA-DR and Annexin V-FITC+7AAD+ lymphocytes, as well as IgG specific to phenol, forming an increased relative risk of developing atopic reactions (RR=1.46). This allows recommending these indicator parameters as markers of effect for identifying and reducing the risk of developing immune regulatory disorders in exposed to phenol children with atopic dermatitis.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study protocol was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Traumatology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences No. 4 on May 16, 2023. All legal representatives of the participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Dianova D.G. – development of the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of data, writing the text; Dolgikh O.V. – development of the concept of the study, analysis and interpretation of data, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: April 8, 2025 / Revised:  April 15, 2025 / Accepted: April 30, 2025 / Published: June 27, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фенол</kwd><kwd>биоэкспозиция фенолом</kwd><kwd>атопический дерматит</kwd><kwd>иммунорегуляция</kwd><kwd>сенсибилизация</kwd><kwd>маркёры эффекта</kwd><kwd>специфический к фенолу IgG</kwd><kwd>относительный риск (RR)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>phenol</kwd><kwd>phenol bioexposure</kwd><kwd>atopic dermatitis</kwd><kwd>immune regulation</kwd><kwd>sensitization</kwd><kwd>markers of effect</kwd><kwd>phenol-specific IgG</kwd><kwd>relative risk (RR)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma X., Xie Z., Zhou Y., Shi H. 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