The war set the primary tasks of preventing epidemics and strengthening the rear for health workers, including sanitary doctors and epidemiologists. The main areas of this work were provision the army with uniforms; creating means of immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases; developing and improving disinfectants, conducting disinfection, disinsection, and deratization; air defense and anti-chemical defense, equipping bomb and gas shelters; protecting public utilities and food products; managing sanitary supervision of the movement of defense industry enterprises to the rear, and conducting sanitary measures in deoccypied territories.During the Great Patriotic War, the activities of the Erisman Central Research Sanitary Institute of the People’s Commissariat of Health of the RSFSR (now the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) were aimed at ensuring the sanitary wellbeing of the front and the rear. The Department of Occupational Hygiene, created in 1942 at the Erisman Central Research Sanitary Institute, carried out research aimed at maintaining the health of workers in defense industry enterprises. One of the important areas of the Institute’s activities during the war years was the development of the school department. In the conditions of evacuation and the changing educational process, it was necessary to adapt the educational programs to the requirements of wartime. The Institute provided assistance to areas liberated from occupation. Research staff gave lectures and talks, instructed workers on the restoration of destroyed villages, cleaning, and water supply. The Institute supplied equipment, apparatus, and reagents to sanitary and bacteriological. During the Great Patriotic War, the institute’s employees selflessly gave all their strength, knowledge and experience at the front and in the rear, bringing the Victory closer. According to archival data, eighty employees of the Erisman Central Research Sanitary Institute participated in the Great Patriotic War. The memory of laboratories of the number of cities anfall the employees who went through the trials of war and the difficulties of post-war reconstruction of the country is carefully preserved by the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Rospotrebnadzor.