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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-6-702-709</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">yzgrrk</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5012</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обоснование предельно допустимой концентрации анатоксина-а в воде водоёмов хозяйственно-питьевого и культурно-бытового водопользования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rationale for the Anatoxin-a Maximum Permissible Concentration in water of reservoirs for both domestic-drinking and cultural-household water use</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-0690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицына</surname><given-names>Оксана Олеговна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyna</surname><given-names>Oxana O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, зам. директора по науке ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора; директор Института комплексных проблем гигиены, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: oxsin66@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS, Deputy Director for Science, Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: oxsin66@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oxsin66@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7668-9324</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турбинский</surname><given-names>Виктор Владиславович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turbinsky</surname><given-names>Viktor V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. отд. гигиены воды ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: turbinskii.vv@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Head of the Department of Water Hygiene, Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: turbinskii.vv@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">turbinskii.vv@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5932-6350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушкарева</surname><given-names>Мария Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkareva</surname><given-names>Mariya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены воды ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: pushkareva.mv@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Chief Researcher of the Water Hygiene Department, Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: pushkareva.mv@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pushkareva.mv@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-0185</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузь</surname><given-names>Надежда Валентиновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuz</surname><given-names>Nadejda V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены воды ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: nadezhda.v.k@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading Researcher of the Water Hygiene Department, Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: nadezhda.v.k@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadezhda.v.k@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1539-1633</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масальцев</surname><given-names>Глеб Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Masaltsev</surname><given-names>Gleb V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, зав. отд. токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: masalcev.gv@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of the Toxicology Department, Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: masalcev.gv@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">masalcev.gv@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора; ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в городе Москве»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman; Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>702</fpage><lpage>709</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Синицына О.О., Турбинский В.В., Пушкарева М.В., Кузь Н.В., Масальцев Г.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Синицына О.О., Турбинский В.В., Пушкарева М.В., Кузь Н.В., Масальцев Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sinitsyna O.O., Turbinsky V.V., Pushkareva M.V., Kuz N.V., Masaltsev G.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5012">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5012</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Опасность загрязнения воды токсинами синезелёных водорослей (цианотоксинами) связана не только с антропогенным загрязнением водных объектов биогенными веществами (азот, фосфор), но и с климатическими изменениями на планете. Присутствие цианотоксинов зарегистрировано в водоёмах стран Европы, Северной Америки и др. На территории Российской Федерации цианотоксины обнаружены в ряде водных объектов, в том числе в источниках питьевого и хозяйственно-бытового водоснабжения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В качестве материала в экспериментальных исследованиях использован сертифицированный эталонный образец анатоксина-а в 1%-м растворе уксусной кислоты (Standart, Certified) производства США, CAS 64285-06-09. На основе данных elibrary.ru, PubMed, Web of Science, Jstor, Open Access Button, Российской государственной библиотеки (РГБ), MedLine выполнен обзор научных исследований по проблеме цианотоксинов. В условиях хронического эксперимента исследовано общетоксическое действие анатоксина-а на организм белых крыс при пероральном поступлении, изучены морфофункциональные изменения внутренних органов животных, эмбриотоксическое действие на организм беременных крыс и тератогенное действие на потомство. Обработку первичных данных осуществляли с помощью программы Microsoft Office Excel 2013. Статистический анализ проводили в программе SPSS Statistics v. 22.0 при α = 0,05. Нормальность распределения данных проверяли по критерию Шапиро – Уилка, равность дисперсий – по критерию Ливиня. Проверку наличия тренда в исследованиях осуществляли методом ранговых корреляций Спирмена.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлены пороговая доза общетоксического воздействия анатоксина-а на организм животных в условиях хронического эксперимента, недействующая доза по эмбриотоксическому и тератогенному действию.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничение исследования</title><p>Ограничение исследования. Исследования ограничены длительностью хронического эксперимента (три месяца).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предельно допустимая концентрация анатоксина-а в воде хозяйственно-питьевого и культурно-бытового водопользования рекомендована на уровне 4 мкг/л, санитарно-токсикологический показатель вредности, второй класс опасности. Для контроля содержания концентрации в воде разработаны и утверждены МУК 4.1.4055–24 «Количественное определение анатоксина-а в питьевой и природной воде методом иммуноферментного анализа» (нижний предел измерения – 0,05 мкг/л).</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Получено положительное заключение комиссии по биомедицинской этике ФБУН ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана Роспотребнадзора (протокол № 03/22 от 21.11.2022 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Синицына О.О. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Турбинский В.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование; Пушкарева М.В., Масальцев Г.В.  – написание текста, редактирование; Кузь Н.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках реализации государственной программы «Обеспечение химической и биологической безопасности Российской Федерации» на 2021–2027 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 04.02.2025 / Принята к печати: 26.03.2025 / Опубликована: 31.07.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The danger of water pollution by cyanobacterial toxins (cyanotoxins) is associated not only with anthropogenic contamination of water bodies by biogenic substances (nitrogen, phosphorus) but also with climate change on the planet. The presence of cyanotoxins has been documented in water bodies in Europe, North America, and other countries around the world. In the Russian Federation, cyanotoxins have been found in a number of water bodies, including sources of drinking and domestic water supply.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A certified reference standard of anatoxin-a in a 1% solution of acetic acid (Standard, Certified), manufactured in the USA, CAS 64285-06-09, was used as the material in the experimental studies. Based on data from elibrary.ru, PubMed, Web of Science, Jstor, Open Access Button, the Russian State Library (RSL), and MedLine, a review of scientific research on the problem of cyanotoxins was conducted. In a chronic experiment, the general toxic effect of anatoxin-a on the organism in white rats under conditions of oral administration was studied. Morphofunctional changes in the internal organs of the animals were examined, as was the embryotoxic effect on the organism in pregnant rats and the teratogenic effect on the offspring. The processing of primary data was carried out using Microsoft Office Excel 2013. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics v. 22.0 at α = 0.05. The normality of the data distribution was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the equality of variances was tested using Levene’s test. The presence of a trend in the studies was tested using the Spearman rank correlation method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A threshold dose of anatoxin-a exposure to the organism in animals under chronic experimental conditions was established. A no-effect dose for embryotoxic and teratogenic effects on the organism of experimental animals and their offspring was determined.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitation</title><p>Limitation. The research is limited by the 3-month duration of the chronic experiment.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The anatoxin-a maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in water for domestic drinking and recreational use is recommended at a level of 4.0 µg/L, with a sanitary-toxicological hazard indicator classified as hazard class II. To monitor the content in water, MUK 4.1.4055–24 “Quantitative determination of anatoxin-a in drinking and natural water by enzyme immunoassay” (lower limit of measurement – ​​0.05 µg/L has been developed and approved.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. A positive opinion was obtained from the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene f the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing (Protocol No. 03/22 dated November 21, 2022).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Sinitsyna O.O. – conceptualization and design of the study, editing; Pushkareva M.V., Masaltsev G.V. – writing of the manuscript, editing; Turbinsky V.V. – conceptualization and design of the study, writing of the manuscript, editing; Kuz N.V. – conceptualization and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing of the manuscript. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. This research was carried out as part of the implementation of the state program “Ensuring Chemical and Biological Safety of the Russian Federation” for 2021–2027.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: February 4, 2025 / Accepted: March 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анатоксин-а</kwd><kwd>предельно допустимая концентрация</kwd><kwd>хронический эксперимент</kwd><kwd>цианобактерии</kwd><kwd>цианотоксины</kwd><kwd>вода водных объектов хозяйственно-питьевого и культурно-бытового водопользования</kwd><kwd>питьевая вода</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anatoxin-a</kwd><kwd>maximum permissible concentration</kwd><kwd>chronic experiment</kwd><kwd>cyanobacteria</kwd><kwd>cyanotoxins</kwd><kwd>water from water bodies for domestic drinking and recreational use</kwd><kwd>drinking water</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Турбинский В.В., Брагина И.В., Кузь Н.В., Синицына О.О., Пушкарева М.В. 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