medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-6-710-716zeyzkamedlit-5013Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENEКраткосрочные и долгосрочные эффекты пренатального воздействия торфяного дымаShort-term and long-term effects of prenatal exposure to peat smokehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8165-8052ВокинаВера АлександровнаVokinaVera A.

Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия

e-mail: vokina.vera@gmail.com

PhD (Biology), senior researcher, Laboratory of biomodelling and translation medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation, P.O.B. 1170

e-mail: vokina.vera@gmail.com

vokina.vera@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1052-4601СоседоваЛариса МихайловнаSosedovaLarisa M.

Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия

e-mail: sosedlar@mail.ru

Dsc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of biomodelling and translation medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation

e-mail: sosedlar@mail.ru

sosedlar@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6012-0173ПанковаАнна АлександровнаPankovaAnna A.

Мл. науч. сотр. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия

e-mail: anna.tropnikova.96@bk.ru

Junior researcher, Laboratory of biomodelling and translation medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665826, Russian Federation

e-mail: anna.tropnikova.96@bk.ru

anna.tropnikova.96@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9406-5424АбрамоваВера АлександровнаAbramovaVera A.

Канд. фарм. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия

e-mail: tyutrina.v.a@yandex.ru

PhD (Pharmacology), senior researcher, Laboratory of biomodelling and translation medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation

e-mail: tyutrina.v.a@yandex.ru

tyutrina.v.a@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2536-1550РукавишниковВиктор СтепановичRukavishnikovViktor S.

Научный руководитель ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия

e-mail: rvs_2010@mail.ru

Scientific supervisor, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665826, Russian Federation

e-mail: rvs_2010@mail.ru

rvs_2010@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1246-8327СавченковМихаил ФедосовичSavchenkovMikhail F.

Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, профессор ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665826, Ангарск, Россия

e-mail: mfs36@mail.ru

DSc (Medicine), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Science, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation

e-mail: mfs36@mail.ru

mfs36@mail.ruФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»РоссияEast-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological ResearchRussian Federation2025140820251046710716Copyright © Вокина В.А., Соседова Л.М., Панкова А.А., Абрамова В.А., Рукавишников В.С., Савченков М.Ф., 20252025Вокина В.А., Соседова Л.М., Панкова А.А., Абрамова В.А., Рукавишников В.С., Савченков М.Ф.Vokina V.A., Sosedova L.M., Pankova A.A., Abramova V.A., Rukavishnikov V.S., Savchenkov M.F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5013Введение

Введение. Загрязнение атмосферного воздуха продуктами горения, образующимися в условиях природных пожаров, представляет реальную угрозу развития нарушений репродуктивного здоровья у населения, находящегося в условиях высокой задымлённости из-за природных пожаров.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Самок белых беспородных крыс подвергали воздействию торфяного дыма с 14-го по 18-й день гестации. Обследование потомства проводили на 4-е, 7-е, 14-е, 21-е, 40-е и 90-е сутки постнатального развития. Оценивали постнатальную гибель, физическое развитие, скорость созревания сенсомоторных рефлексов, мышечную силу, двигательную активность и показатели электроэнцефалограммы потомства.

Результаты

Результаты. Воздействие торфяного дыма в пренатальный период приводит к значительному снижению выживаемости и нарушению физического развития потомства белых крыс. У новорождённых крысят выявлены низкая масса тела, выраженная задержка формирования вестибулярной реакции, мышечной силы и координации движений. В период полового созревания и у взрослых животных изменения поведения и ЭЭГ зафиксированы только у самцов из полученного потомства.

Ограничения исследования

Ограничения исследования. Данное исследование ограничено изучением потомства белых крыс, подвергавшихся воздействию торфяного дыма с 14-го по 18-й день беременности.

Заключение

Заключение. Последствия воздействия торфяного дыма в пренатальный период характеризовались повышением смертности в неонатальный период, нарушением физического и сенсомоторного развития, изменением функционального состояния ЦНС потомства.

Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено локальным этическим комитетом ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ (Протокол № 32 от 10.01.2023 г.), проведено в соответствии с Европейской конвенцией о защите позвоночных животных, используемых для экспериментов или в иных научных целях (ETS N 123), директивой Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского союза 2010/63/EC от 22.09.2010 г. о защите животных, использующихся для научных целей.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Вокина В.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, проведение эксперимента, обработка, анализ и интерпретация данных, обзор литературы по теме статьи, написание текста; Соседова Л.М. – концепция и дизайн исследования, обзор литературы по теме статьи, написание текста; Панкова А.А. – проведение эксперимента, сбор и первичная обработка материала, статистическая обработка данных; Абрамова В.А. – сбор и первичная обработка материала, статистическая обработка данных, подготовка иллюстраций; Рукавишников В.С. – методология исследования, проверка критически важного содержания, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи; Савченков М.Ф. ‒ редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Работа выполнялась по плану НИР в рамках государственного задания.

Поступила

Поступила: 19.03.2025 / Принята к печати: 26.06.2025 / Опубликована: 31.07.2025

Introduction

Introduction. Air pollution by combustion products formed during wildfires poses a real risk for disorders of reproductive health in the population living under conditions of high smoke pollution from wildfires.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Female white mongrel rats were exposed to peat smoke from the 14th to the 18th day of gestation. The offspring were examined on the 4th, 7th, 14th, 21st, 40th, and 90th days of postnatal development. Postnatal mortality, physical development, the rate of maturation of sensorimotor reflexes, muscle strength, motor activity, and electroencephalogram parameters in the offspring were assessed.

Results

Results. Prenatal exposure to peat smoke leads to a significant decrease in survival and impaired physical development of the offspring of white rats. Newborn rats showed low body weight, a pronounced delay in the formation of the vestibular response, muscle strength and motor coordination. During puberty and in adult animals, changes in behavior and EEG were recorded only in males from the obtained offspring.

Limitations

Limitations. This study is limited to the study of the offspring in white rats exposed to peat smoke from the 14th to the 18th days of gestation.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The consequences of exposure to peat smoke in the prenatal period were characterized by an increase in mortality over the neonatal period, impaired physical and sensorimotor development, and changes in the functional state of the central nervous system in the offspring.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the East Siberian Institute of Medical and Environmental Research (Protocol No. 32 of 01/10/2023), conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrates Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123), directive of the European Parliament and the Council Of the European Union 2010/63/EC of 09/22/2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.

Contribution

Contribution: Vokina V.A. – development of the study concept and design, conducting the experiment, processing, analyzing and interpreting data, reviewing publications on the topic of the article; writing and design of the article; Sosedova L.M. – development of the study concept and design, reviewing publications on the topic of the article; writing and design of the article; Pankova A.A. – conducting the experiment, collecting and initially processing the material, statistical processing of data; Abramova V.A. – collecting and initially processing the material, statistical processing of data; Rukavishnikov V.S. – research methodology, approval of the manuscript for publication, checking critical content; Savchenkov M.F. – critical revision of the manuscript, final approval of the article. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Funding

Funding. The work was carried out according to the research plan within the framework of the state task.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received

Received: March 19, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.