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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-6-787-792</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">cuofpv</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5026</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Транскрипционная активность генов Gstp и Gclc при длительном воздействии акриламида</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transcriptional activity of Gstp and Gclc genes under prolonged acrylamide exposure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1236-8246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якупова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Георгиевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakupova</surname><given-names>Tatyana G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. лаб. генетики отд. токсикологии и генетики с экспериментальной клиникой лабораторных животных ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: tanya.kutlina.92@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Toxicology and Genetics with an Experimental Clinic of Laboratory Animals, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology», Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: tanya.kutlina.92@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanya.kutlina.92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-6757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримов</surname><given-names>Денис Олегович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimov</surname><given-names>Denis O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, зав. отд. токсикологии и генетики с экспериментальной клиникой лабораторных животных ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: karimovdo@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head of the Department of Toxicology and Genetics with an Experimental Clinic of Laboratory Animals, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology», Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: karimovdo@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karimovdo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1962-2323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримов</surname><given-names>Денис Дмитриевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimov</surname><given-names>Denis D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. генетики отд. токсикологии и генетики с экспериментальной клиникой лабораторных животных ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: lich-tsar@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Toxicology and Genetics with an Experimental Clinic of Laboratory Animals, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology», Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: lich-tsar@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lich-tsar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-0479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябова</surname><given-names>Юлия Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabova</surname><given-names>Yulia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, зав. лаб. токсикологии отд. токсикологии и генетики с экспериментальной клиникой лабораторных животных ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ryabovaiuvl@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head of the Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Genetics with an Experimental Clinic of Laboratory Animals, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology», Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ryabovaiuvl@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ryabovaiuvl@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7456-4787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухаммадиева</surname><given-names>Гузель Фанисовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhamadiyeva</surname><given-names>Guzel F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. генетики отд. токсикологии и генетики с экспериментальной клиникой лабораторных животных ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ufniimt@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Toxicology and Genetics with an Experimental Clinic of Laboratory Animals, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ufniimt@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ufniimt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8798-0846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Репина</surname><given-names>Эльвира Фаридовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Repina</surname><given-names>Elvira F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии и генетики с экспериментальной клиникой лабораторных животных ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: e.f.repina@bk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Department of Toxicology and Genetics with an Experimental Clinic of Laboratory Animals, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: e.f.repina@bk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.f.repina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарипова</surname><given-names>Зарина Ренатовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garipova</surname><given-names>Zarina R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Преподаватель каф. профессиональной подготовки ФГКОУ ВО «Уфимский юридический институт» МВД РФ, 450103, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: zarina1990.10.08@icloud.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lecturer, Department of Professional Training, Ufa Law Institute Ufa, 450103, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: zarina1990.10.08@icloud.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zarina1990.10.08@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГКОУ ВО «Уфимский юридический институт» МВД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Law Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>787</fpage><lpage>792</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Якупова Т.Г., Каримов Д.О., Каримов Д.Д., Рябова Ю.В., Мухаммадиева Г.Ф., Репина Э.Ф., Гарипова З.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Якупова Т.Г., Каримов Д.О., Каримов Д.Д., Рябова Ю.В., Мухаммадиева Г.Ф., Репина Э.Ф., Гарипова З.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakupova T.G., Karimov D.O., Karimov D.D., Ryabova Y.V., Mukhamadiyeva G.F., Repina E.F., Garipova Z.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5026">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5026</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Акриламид – токсикант, контакт с которым возможен как в производственных, так и в бытовых условиях. Он образуется при термической обработке пищи и используется в промышленных процессах, что увеличивает риск его воздействия на человека. Акриламид обладает нефротоксическими, нейротоксическими и генотоксическими свойствами, однако его влияние на клеточные механизмы, в том числе антиоксидантные и детоксикационные системы, изучено недостаточно. Исследование экспрессии генов Gstp и Gclc, вовлечённых в антиоксидантную защиту, важно для понимания патогенеза акриламид-индуцированных изменений.</p><p>Цель работы – изучить изменения экспрессии генов Gstp и Gclc при длительном воздействии акриламида и оценить эффективность профилактики с использованием соединений на основе оксиметилурацила.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Эксперимент проведён на 60 белых крысах-самцах, которым ежедневно вводили акриламид (5 мг/кг массы тела) в течение 90 дней. Профилактическую коррекцию проводили за час до введения токсиканта. Экспрессию генов оценивали методом ПЦР в реальном времени.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Длительное воздействие акриламида вызывало изменения экспрессии генов Gstp и Gclc в ткани почек. Экспрессия Gstp статистически значимо увеличивалась в первую очередь в группах с профилактической коррекцией, при которой использовались соединения с аскорбиновой кислотой. Экспрессия Gclc сначала снижалась, а через три месяца увеличивалась, особенно при использовании ацетилцистеина и сукцината натрия.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Данное исследование было направлено на изучение уровня экспрессии двух важных генов, связанных с антиоксидантной защитой, – Gstp и Gclc, при продолжительном воздействии акриламида. Однако для более полного понимания патогенетических механизмов нефротоксичности акриламида требуется расширение анализа за счёт изучения других генетических маркёров, связанных с детоксикацией, воспалением и окислительным стрессом. Также необходим многофакторный подход с оценкой биохимических и физиологических показателей токсического воздействия.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Акриламид оказывает негативное воздействие на почки, проявляющееся изменением экспрессии генов Gstp и Gclc. Наиболее эффективной профилактикой оказалось применение оксиметилурацила с ацетилцистеином.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Данное исследование было одобрено биоэтической комиссией ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека» (протокол № 01–12 от 17.12.2024 г.). Экспериментальные работы проводились в строгом соответствии с положениями Европейской конвенции о защите позвоночных животных, используемых в научных исследованиях (ETS N 123), Директивой Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского союза 2010/63/EC от 22 сентября 2010 г., регулирующей защиту животных, применяемых для научных целей.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Якупова Т.Г. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка, написание текста; Каримов Д.О., Каримов Д.Д. – концепция и дизайн исследования, статистическая обработка;Рябова Ю.В., Репина Э.Ф., Гарипова З.Р. – сбор и обработка материала; Мухаммадиева Г.Ф. – редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных или потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа выполнена в рамках реализации государственного задания, включённого в отраслевую научно-исследовательскую программу Роспотребнадзора «Разработка научных основ национальной системы обеспечения санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия, управления рисками для здоровья и повышения качества жизни населения Российской Федерации» на период 2021–2025 гг., п. 6.1.8. Номер государственной регистрации проекта: 121062100058–8.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 19.03.2025 / Поступила после доработки: 31.01.2025 / Принята к печати: 26.03.2025 / Опубликована: 31.07.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Acrylamide is a toxicant encountered in both industrial and domestic settings. It forms during the thermal processing of food and is used in industrial processes, increasing the risk of human exposure. Acrylamide has nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, and genotoxic properties, but its impact on cellular mechanisms, including antioxidant and detoxification systems, remains insufficiently studied. Investigating the expression of the Gstp and Gclc genes, involved in antioxidant defense, is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of acrylamide-induced changes.Th</p><p>The aim of the work was to study the changes in the expression of the Gstp and Gclc genes under prolonged acrylamide exposure and to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive measures using oxymethyluracil-based compounds.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The experiment involved sixty male white rats received acrylamide (5 mg/kg body weight) daily for 90 days. Preventive correction was conducted one hour before acrylamide administration. Gene expression levels were assessed using real-time PCR.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Prolonged acrylamide exposure caused changes in the expression of the Gstp and Gclc genes in kidney tissue. The expression of Gstp significantly increased, especially in groups received preventive correction with ascorbic acid-containing compounds. The expression of Gclc initially decreased but increased after 3 months, particularly with the use of acetylcysteine and sodium succinate.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. This study focused on evaluating the expression levels of two key Gstp and Gclc genes, associated with antioxidant defense under prolonged acrylamide exposure. However, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of acrylamide-induced nephrotoxicity, further analysis is required to include other genetic markers related to detoxification, inflammation, and oxidative stress. There is also needed the multifactorial approach, incorporating the assessment of biochemical and physiological indicators of toxic exposure. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Acrylamide negatively affects kidney function, as evidenced by changes in the expression of Gstp and Gclc genes. The most effective prevention was observed with the use of oxymethyluracil combined with acetylcysteine.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology (protocol of the meeting dated December 17, 2024, No. 01-12). Experiments were conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123) and Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 22, 2010, on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. </p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions: Yakupova T.G. – study concept and design, material collection and processing, statistical analysis, writing text; Karimov D.D., Karimov D.O. – study concept and design, statistical analysis; Ryabova Yu.V., Repina E.F., Garipova Z.R. – material collection and processing; Mukhamadieva G.F. – editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. This study was conducted as part of the implementation of the state assignment included in the sectoral research program of Rospotrebnadzor, titled «Development of scientific foundations for the national system ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being, health risk management, and improving the quality of life of the population of the Russian Federation» for the period 2021–2025, item 6.1.8. State registration number: 121062100058-8.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: January 19 , 2025 / Revised: January 31, 2025 / Accepted: March 26, 2025 / Published: July 31, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>акриламид</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>эксперимент</kwd><kwd>длительное воздействие</kwd><kwd>почки</kwd><kwd>экспрессия</kwd><kwd>гены</kwd><kwd>антиоксидантная защита</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acrylamide</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>experiment</kwd><kwd>prolonged exposure</kwd><kwd>kidneys</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>antioxidant defense</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rice J.M. The carcinogenicity of acrylamide. Mutat. Res. 2005; 7(580): 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.09.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rice J.M. The carcinogenicity of acrylamide. Mutat. 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