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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-8-1075-1079</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">jljfzi</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5104</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность и безопасность дженериков (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Efficiency and safety of generics (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-9465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илюшина</surname><given-names>Наталия Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyushina</surname><given-names>Nataliya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, зав. отд. генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ilyushina.na@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), head, Department of genetic toxicology, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilyushina.na@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-8771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Ольга Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. генетической токсикологии ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: egorova.ov@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), leading researcher of the Dept. of Genetic Toxicology of the Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorova.ov@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5067-5469</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ревазова</surname><given-names>Юлия Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Revazova</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, гл. науч. сотр. отд. генетической токсикологии Института гигиены, токсикологии пестицидов и химической безопасности ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: revazova013@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), professor, Honoured Scientist of the Russian Federation, Chief researcher of the Department of genetic toxicology, Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology of Pesticides and Chemical Safety, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">revazova013@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>1075</fpage><lpage>1079</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Илюшина Н.А., Егорова О.В., Ревазова Ю.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Илюшина Н.А., Егорова О.В., Ревазова Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ilyushina N.A., Egorova O.V., Revazova Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5104">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5104</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние десятилетия использование дженериков стало значимой проблемой на рынке лекарственных препаратов, пестицидов и иных хозяйственных продуктов. В обзоре рассмотрены существующие подходы к оценке эффективности и безопасности дженериков – лекарственных средств и пестицидов. Материалом для настоящего обзора послужили данные отечественной и зарубежной литературы, а также интернет-ресурсов. При поиске информации использовали базы данных ОЭСР, Scopus, Medline, РИНЦ. В обзоре представлены и обсуждены документы, регламентирующие порядок изучения эффективности и безопасности дженериков. У лекарств-дженериков оценивают фармацевтическую, биологическую и терапевтическую эквивалентность. Технические продукты пестицидов-дженериков также не подвергают полному циклу исследований, если доказана их эквивалентность оригинальному действующему веществу. При этом оценивают технологию производства пестицида-дженерика, минимальное содержание действующего вещества, максимальные пределы для примесей, подкреплённые данными анализа не менее пяти партий продукции, анализ опасности примесей in silico, оценивают генотоксичность технического продукта и (или) примесей и при необходимости изучают токсикологические, экотоксикологические или другие данные о техническом продукте и (или) примесях. Эффективность пестицидов определяют в натурных (полевых) условиях.</p><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Илюшина Н.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и анализ литературных данных, написание текста; Егорова О.В. – сбор и анализ литературных данных, написание текста; Ревазова Ю.А. – сбор и анализ литературных данных, написание текста. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа выполнена в рамках выполнения государственного задания (№ регистрации 125012700793-3).</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 02.04.2025 / Принята к печати: 14.07.2025 / Опубликована: 25.09.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent decades, the issue of using generics has become significant in the markets for pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other industrial products. This review examines current approaches to assessing the effectiveness and safety of generics including pharmaceuticals and pesticides. The review is based on data from domestic and foreign literature, as well as online resources. Information was searched from the OECD, Scopus, Medline, and RSCI databases. The review presents and discusses the regulatory documents governing the assessment of the effectiveness and safety of generics. For generic drugs, pharmaceutical, biological, and therapeutic equivalence is evaluated. Technical-grade active ingredients of generic pesticides are not subjected to a full cycle of studies if their equivalence to the original active substance has been demonstrated. In such cases, the assessment includes the manufacturing process of the generic pesticide, the minimum content of the active substance, and the maximum allowable levels of impurities, supported by the analysis of at least five production batches. Additionally, an in silico hazard assessment of impurities is conducted. The genotoxicity of the technical-grade product and/or its impurities is also evaluated, and if necessary, toxicological, ecotoxicological, or other relevant data on the technical-grade product and/or its impurities are considered. The effectiveness of pesticides is assessed under the real-world (field) trials.</p><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Ilyushina N.A. – concept and design of the study, processing and analysis of material, writing the text; Egorova O.V. – processing and analysis of material; Revazova Yu.A. – writing the text; processing and analysis of material. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study is a part of the state assignment (registration № 125012700793-3).</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: April 2, 2025 / Accepted: July 14, 2025 / Published: September 25, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дженерики</kwd><kwd>лекарственные препараты</kwd><kwd>пестициды</kwd><kwd>эквивалентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>generics</kwd><kwd>drugs</kwd><kwd>pesticides</kwd><kwd>equivalence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frohlich E.D. Generic drugs: the good, the bad, and the unknown. Ochsner J. 2011; 11(2): 98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frohlich E.D. Generic drugs: the good, the bad, and the unknown. Ochsner J. 2011; 11(2): 98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shattuck A. 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