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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-9-1090-1096</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">enpmzu</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5142</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние факторов среды обитания на сверхсмертность населения промышленных центров в период COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The impact of environmental factors on excess mortality in industrial centers during the period of COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-2147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефимова</surname><given-names>Наталья Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimova</surname><given-names>Natalya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, вед. науч. сотр., ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665827, Ангарск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: med_eco_lab@list.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, leading researcher, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: med_eco_lab@list.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">med_eco_lab@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5464-0498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гржибовский</surname><given-names>Андрей Мечиславович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grzhibovsky</surname><given-names>Andrej M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, советник ректора, Университет «Реавиз», 198095, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: a.grjibovski@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Advisor to the Rector, Private university "REAVIZ", Saint Petersburg, 198095, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: a.grjibovski@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.grjibovski@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2536-1550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рукавишников</surname><given-names>Виктор Степанович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rukavishnikov</surname><given-names>Victor S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Член-корр. РАН, доктор мед. наук, профессор, научный руководитель ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665827, Ангарск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: rvs_2010@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), corresponding member of the RAS, professor, Scientific director, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: rvs_2010@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rvs_2010@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0169-4513</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мыльникова</surname><given-names>Инна Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mylnikova</surname><given-names>Inna V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, доцент, ст. науч. сотр., ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665827, Ангарск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: inna.mylnikova.phd.ms@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), associate professor, senior researcher, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: inna.mylnikova.phd.ms@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inna.mylnikova.phd.ms@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5179-5737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кригер</surname><given-names>Екатерина Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krieger</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент каф. инфекционных болезней, ФГБОУ ВО СГМУ, 163061, Архангельск, Россия</p><p>e-mail: kriger-ea@nsmu.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), associate professor, associate professor of the Department of infectious diseases, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, 163061, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: kriger-ea@nsmu.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kriger-ea@nsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>East Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЧУ «ОО ВО Университет "Реавиз"»; ФГАОУ ВО «Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Private University "REAVIZ"; North-Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северный государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Northern State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>1090</fpage><lpage>1096</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ефимова Н.В., Гржибовский А.М., Рукавишников В.С., Мыльникова И.В., Кригер Е.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ефимова Н.В., Гржибовский А.М., Рукавишников В.С., Мыльникова И.В., Кригер Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Efimova N.V., Grzhibovsky A.M., Rukavishnikov V.S., Mylnikova I.V., Krieger E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5142">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5142</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Показатель смертности населения является важнейшим медико-демографическим индикатором и рассматривается как результат многофакторного влияния среды обитания.</p><p>Цель исследования – оценить влияние риск-модифицирующих факторов внешней среды на сверхсмертность взрослого населения промышленных центров в условиях первого года пандемии COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследования проведены в Ангарске, Братске, Иркутске – промышленных центрах Восточной Сибири. Для оценки сверхсмертности использованы посуточные данные о смертности от всех причин в течение первого года пандемии COVID-19 (2020) и десяти предшествующих лет. Применены адаптивные модели экспоненциального сглаживания и авторегрессионные проинтегрированные модели скользящего среднего. Оценка информативности факторов (I) дана по мере Кульбака.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В первый год пандемии для всех причин сверхсмертности (включая новую коронавирусную инфекцию) величина информативности факторов среды ниже, чем для причин, не связанных с COVID-19 (I = 0,11–0,23 против I = 0,26–0,61). Для формирования сверхсмертности от причин, не связанных с COVID-19, в период пандемии более значимы следующие факторы: накопленные хронические болезни в старшей возрастной группе, ингаляционное воздействие веществ с рефлекторым действием, показатели обеспеченности ресурсами здравоохранения.</p><p>Ограничения исследования обусловлены тем, что анализ сверхсмертности населения проведён на примере первого года пандемии в промышленных центрах Восточной Сибири. На полученных результатах может отразиться сложность выбора первопричины смерти, связанная с COVID-19, что влияет на структуру смертности.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Смертность населения отражает сложный многовариантный комплекс изменяющихся экзо- и эндогенных факторов, поэтому для её снижения необходимо найти пути оптимизации, базирующиеся на системном анализе зависимостей с учётом междисциплинарных знаний и применением комплекса математико-статистических методов. Значимость факторов среды обитания в период пандемии различна для всех причин сверхсмертности и для причин, не связанных с коронавирусной инфекцией.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Ефимова Н.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, статистическая обработка, написание текста, редактирование; Гржибовский А.М. – дизайн исследования, математическое моделирование, написание текста; Рукавишников В.С. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Мыльникова И.В. – обзор литературы, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста; Кригер Е.А. – обработка материала, математическое моделирование, написание текста. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 22.05.2025 / Принята к печати: 26.06.2025 / Опубликована: 20.10.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The mortality rate in the population is the most important medical and demographic indicator considered as a result of the multifactorial influence of the living environment.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. To assess the influence of risk-modifying environmental factors on excess mortality in the adult population of industrial centers over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The studies were conducted in the industrial centers of Eastern Siberia. To estimate excess mortality, daily data on mortality from all causes during the first year of the pandemic and the ten previous years were used. Adaptive exponential smoothing models and autoregressive integrated moving average models were used. The information content of factors (I) is assessed using the Kullback measure.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. During the first year of the pandemic, the informativeness of environmental factors for all causes of excess mortality is lower than for causes unrelated to COVID-19 (I = 0.11–0.23, versus I = 0.26–0.61). For excess mortality unrelated to COVID-19, the following factors are more significant: “accumulated” chronic diseases, inhalation exposure to irritants, and availability of healthcare resources.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The analysis of excess mortality of the population was carried out using the example of the first year of the pandemic in one region.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Excess mortality can be reduced based on a systemic analysis of dependencies using a set of mathematical and statistical methods. The significance of environmental factors during the pandemic is different for all causes of excess mortality and for causes unrelated to coronavirus infection.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of a biomedical ethics committee opinion or other documents.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Efimova N.V. – the concept and design of the study, processing of material, writing text, editing; Grzhibovsky A.M. – the concept and design of the study, mathematical modelling, writing text, editing; Rukavishnikov V.S. – study concept and design, editing; Mylnikova I.V. – collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing text; Kriger E.A. – statistical analysis, mathematical modelling. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: May 22, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: October 20, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сверхсмертность</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>факторы среды обитания</kwd><kwd>математические модели</kwd><kwd>информативность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>excess mortality</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>factors of life environmental</kwd><kwd>mathematical models</kwd><kwd>information content</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лещенко Я.А., Лисовцов А.А. 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