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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-9-1191-1196</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">aeuxad</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5160</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биологическая профилактика цитотоксического действия наночастиц оксида свинца (экспериментальное исследование)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological prophylaxis of the cytotoxic effect of lead oxide nanoparticles: an experimental study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-7845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минигалиева</surname><given-names>Ильзира Амировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minigalieva</surname><given-names>Ilzira A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, зав. отд. токсикологии и биопрофилактики, ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), head, Department of toxicology and bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9384-8550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тажигулова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tazhigulova</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: tazhigulovaav@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Department of toxicology and bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: tazhigulovaav@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tazhigulovaav@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутункова</surname><given-names>Марина Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutunkova</surname><given-names>Marina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, директор ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: marinasutunkova@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), director, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: marinasutunkova@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marinasutunkova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8284-0008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабардина</surname><given-names>Лада Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabardina</surname><given-names>Lada V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: shabardinalv@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Department of toxicology and bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: shabardinalv@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shabardinalv@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0780-5733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никогосян</surname><given-names>Карен Мерсопович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikogosyan</surname><given-names>Karen M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: nikoghosyankm@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Department of toxicology and bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: nikoghosyankm@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikoghosyankm@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4694-0175</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батенева</surname><given-names>Влада Андреевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bateneva</surname><given-names>Vlada A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборант отд. токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, 620014, Екатеринбург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: bat@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory assistant, Department of toxicology and bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: bateneva@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bat@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers; Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>1191</fpage><lpage>1196</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Минигалиева И.А., Тажигулова А.В., Сутункова М.П., Шабардина Л.В., Никогосян К.М., Батенева В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Минигалиева И.А., Тажигулова А.В., Сутункова М.П., Шабардина Л.В., Никогосян К.М., Батенева В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Minigalieva I.A., Tazhigulova A.V., Sutunkova M.P., Shabardina L.V., Nikogosyan K.M., Bateneva V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5160">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5160</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В индустриальных странах свинец часто обнаруживается в воздухе рабочей зоны как основной или побочный продукт различных технологических процессов, в том числе в виде частиц нанометрового диапазона (НЧ). Действие НЧ на клеточном уровне связано с развитием цитотоксической реакции. В контексте данной работы снижение цитотоксического эффекта от воздействия НЧ оксида свинца (PbO) осуществлялось средствами, повышающими естественную резистентность организма, – компонентами биопрофилактического комплекса (БПК).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено на белых крысах-самках, которые 5 дней в неделю, по 4 ч в день, в течение 4 нед подвергались ингаляционному воздействию НЧ PbO, при этом половина животных в течение всего периода экспозиции получала БПК вместе с питьём и кормом. После завершения эксперимента оценивали гематологические показатели крыс, цитологические и биохимические параметры бронхоальвеолярного лаважа (БАЛЖ). Статистическую обработку производили при помощи t-критерия Стьюдента.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Ингаляционное воздействие НЧ PbO индуцировало у экспериментальных животных негативные изменения показателей крови, цитологических и биохимических параметров БАЛЖ, которые были нивелированы применением БПК, о чём свидетельствовала их нормализация до уровня значений в контрольной группе.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Для эксперимента были использованы лабораторные животные только одного биологического вида и пола. Токсикант использовали в одной дозе. Исследование было ограничено изучением основных показателей цитотоксического действия.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В данном экспериментальном исследовании показано положительное влияние компонентов БПК, направленное на нивелирование цитотоксического действия экспозиции наночастиц оксида свинца на организм крыс.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование было одобрено Этическим комитетом Екатеринбургского медицинского научного центра профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий, протокол № 5 от 16.10.2023 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Минигалиева И.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, научное редактирование статьи; Тажигулова А.В. – обработка материала, редактирование текста статьи, написание текста; Сутункова М.П. – концепция и дизайн исследования, научное редактирование статьи; Шабардина Л.В. – проведение эксперимента, обработка данных; Никогосян К.М. – проведение эксперимента, обработка данных;Батенева В.А. – написание текста статьи. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 09.06.2025 / Принята к печати: 19.09.2025 / Опубликована: 20.10.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. As of today, lead is one of the most common metals found in production facilities of developing industrial countries, both as a primary and secondary product released into the workplace air during various technological processes, including in the form of nanoparticles (NPs). The effect of NPs at the cellular level is associated with the development of a cytotoxic responses. In the context of this work, the cytotoxic effect of exposure to lead oxide (PbO) NPs was reduced by components of a bioprophylactic complex (BPC) that increase the natural resistance to hazards.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study was conducted on female albino rats that were exposed to PbO NPs in the nose-only inhalation exposure system for 4 hours a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks, while half of the animals received the BPC with feed and drink throughout the entire exposure period. After cessation of exposure, we assessed hematological indices, cytological and biochemical indices of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in the rats. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Inhalation exposure to PbO NPs induced adverse changes in some blood indices, BALF cytological and biochemical indices in the experimental rats, which were leveled out by the use of BPC, as evidenced by their comparability to those ​​in the control group.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. Laboratory rodents of the same biological species and sex were used for the experiment. A single dose of the toxicant was used. The study was limited to establishing the main indices of the cytotoxic effect.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. This experimental study shows the positive impact of BPC components aimed at mitigating the cytotoxic effect of exposure to lead oxide nanoparticles in rats.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers (protocol No. 5 of October 16, 2023).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Minigalieva I.A. – study conception and design, scientific editing; Tazhigulova A.V. – data processing, draft manuscript preparation, editing; Sutunkova M.P. – study conception and design, scientific editing; Shabardina L.V. – experiment, data collection and analysis; Nikogosyan K.M. – experiment, data collection and analysis; Bateneva V.A. – draft manuscript preparation. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of its final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: June 9, 2025 / Accepted: September 19, 2025 / Published: October 20, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наночастицы оксида свинца</kwd><kwd>бронхоальвеолярный лаваж</kwd><kwd>биологическая профилактика</kwd><kwd>цитотоксичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lead oxide nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>bronchoalveolar lavage</kwd><kwd>biological prophylaxis</kwd><kwd>cytotoxicity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Искакова Д.Т., Хафизова Н.Р., Аронбаев С.Д., Аронбаев Д.М. Тяжелые металлы и их влияние на здоровье человека. In The World Of Science and Education. 2024; (15): 3–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iskakova D.T., Khafizova N.R., Aronbaev S.D., Aronbaev D.M. Heavy metals and their human health effects. 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