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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-9-1197-1203</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ktgisz</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5161</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS OF HYGIENIC AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Безопасность пищевой продукции: диспергирование образца в аналитическом контроле хлорорганических пестицидов (4,4’-дихлордифенилтрихлорэтана и его метаболитов, альфа-, бета- и гамма-изомеров гексахлорциклогексана)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Food safety: sample dispersion in analytical control of organochlorine pesticides (4,4’-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites, (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers of Hexachlorocyclohexane)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8278-6382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Наталия Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>Nataliia E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, гл. науч. сотр. отд. аналитических методов контроля ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 1410014, Мытищи, Россия. E-mail: analyt1@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), Chief Researcher, Department of an analytical control methods, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: analyt1@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">analyt1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9415-1007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добрева</surname><given-names>Наталья Ивановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobreva</surname><given-names>Natalia I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. аналитических методов контроля ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 1410014, Мытищи, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), senior researcher, Department of an analytical control methods, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: analyt1@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">analyt1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарева</surname><given-names>Лидия Георгиевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondareva</surname><given-names>Lydia G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. хим. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. аналитических методов контроля ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 1410014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: lydiabondareva@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Chemistry), leading researcher, Department of an analytical control methods, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: lydiabondareva@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lydiabondareva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1064-0653</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горячева</surname><given-names>Людмила Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goryacheva</surname><given-names>Ludmila V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. аналитических методов контроля ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 1410014, Мытищи, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), senior researcher, Department of an analytical control methods, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: goryacheva.lv@fncg.ru</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8181-4409</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суслова</surname><given-names>Алена Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suslova</surname><given-names>Alena V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. аналитических методов контроля ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 1410014, Мытищи, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Department of an analytical control methods, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: suslova.av@fncg.ru</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>1197</fpage><lpage>1203</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Федорова Н.Е., Добрева Н.И., Бондарева Л.Г., Горячева Л.В., Суслова А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федорова Н.Е., Добрева Н.И., Бондарева Л.Г., Горячева Л.В., Суслова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedorova N.E., Dobreva N.I., Bondareva L.G., Goryacheva L.V., Suslova A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5161">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5161</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В оценке безопасности пищевой продукции аналитический контроль остаточных количеств пестицидов актуален не только для препаратов, применяемых в настоящее время, но и для целого ряда стойких токсичных веществ, производство и применение которых запрещено или ограничено по всему миру. К таким веществам принадлежат хлорорганические пестициды (ХОП) – 4,4’-дихлордифенилтрихлорэтан (ДДТ) и его метаболиты, гексахлорциклогексан (ГХЦГ, альфа-, бета- и гамма-изомеры), относящиеся к классу стойких органических загрязнителей (СОЗ) с высокой устойчивостью в окружающей среде.</p><p>Цель исследования – разработать экономичный и быстрый метод матричной твердофазной дисперсии в сочетании с газовой хромато-масс-спектрометрией (МТФД-ГХ-МС) для определения содержания ХОП в сырье и пищевой продукции животного происхождения, а также продуктов с преобладающим содержанием компонентов животного происхождения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. По процедуре пробоподготовки методом матричной твердофазной дисперсии измельчённые и гомогенизированные образцы пищевых продуктов диспергировали в сорбент флорисил. Из полученной сыпучей смеси ХОП экстрагировали смесью органических растворителей, далее экстракт подвергали очистке концентрированной серной кислотой. Анализ образцов выполняли на газовом хроматографе «Хроматэк-Кристалл 5000.2» (Россия) с масс-спектрометрическим детектором.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разработан простой метод определения хлорорганических пестицидов в различных продуктах животного происхождения с помощью МТФД-ГХ-МС. Использование флорисила в качестве диспергатора и смеси гексана с дихлорметаном (1 : 1 по объёму) в качестве элюирующего растворителя, включение дополнительного этапа обработки образца концентрированной серной кислотой позволяет добиться хорошего эффекта извлечения и очистки. Диапазон линейности калибровочных кривых 0,005–0,2 мкг/см3. Нижний предел количественного определения для всех веществ – 0,01 мг/кг, степень извлечения составляла 85–104% с относительным стандартным отклонением (RSD) 6–8% (n = 5).</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничение исследования</title><p>Ограничение исследования. Объектами исследования были отдельные виды пищевой продукции животного происхождения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Метод отличается быстротой, простотой, достаточной чувствительностью, хорошей воспроизводимостью и точностью. Он подходит для анализа большого количества образцов и соответствует техническим требованиям для определения остаточных количеств ХОП в пищевых продуктах животного происхождения с нижним пределом количественного определения индивидуального вещества 0,01 мг/кг.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Федорова Н.Е. – концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование; Добрева Н.И. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование; Бондарева Л.Г. – написание текста, редактирование; Горячева Л.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования; Суслова А.В. – сбор и обработка материала. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 29.04.2025 / Поступила после доработки: 02.06.2025 / Принята к печати: 26.06.2025 / Опубликована: 20.10.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In assessing the safety of food products, analytical control of pesticide residues is relevant not only for currently used preparations, but also for a number of persistent, toxic substances, the production and use of which is prohibited or restricted worldwide. Such substances include organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) – 4,4’Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) (alpha, beta and gamma isomers), which belong to the class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with high stability in the environment.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. To develop an economical and rapid method of matrix solid-phase dispersion in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MSPD-GC-MS) for the determination of OCP content in a wide range of raw materials and food products of animal origin, as well as products with a predominant content of components of animal origin.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. According to the sample preparation procedure using the matrix solid-phase dispersion method, crushed and homogenized food samples were dispersed in the florisil sorbent. The OCPs were extracted from the resulting bulk mixture with a mixture of organic solvents, and then the extract was purified with concentrated sulfuric acid. The samples were analyzed using a gas chromatograph “Chromatec-Crystal 5000.2” (Russian Federation) with a mass spectrometric detector.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A simple method for determining organochlorine pesticides in a wide range of animal products using MTFD-GC-MS has been developed. Using florisil as a dispersant and a mixture of hexane and dichloromethane (1:1, by volume) as an eluting solvent, and including an additional stage of sample treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid allows achieving a good extraction and purification effect. The linearity range of the calibration curves is 0.005–0.2 µg/ml. The lower limit of quantification for all substances is 0.01 mg/kg, the degree of extraction varied from 85 to 104% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6–8% (n = 5).</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. In the study same types of food products of animal origin were considered as objects of research.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The method is characterized by its speed, simplicity, sufficient sensitivity, good reproducibility, and accuracy. It is suitable for the analysis of large volumes and meets the technical requirements for the determination of residual quantities of OCPs in food products of animal origin with a lower limit of quantification of an individual substance of 0.01 ppm.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require a biomedical ethics committee opinion.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Fedorova N.E., Dobreva N.I., Goryacheva L.V. – concept and design of the study; Dobreva N.I., Suslova A.V. – collection and processing of material; Fedorova N.E., Dobreva N.I., Bondareva L.G. – text writing, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: April 29, 2025 / Revised: June 2, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: October 20, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хлорорганические пестициды</kwd><kwd>пищевые продукты животного происхождения</kwd><kwd>матричная твердофазная дисперсия</kwd><kwd>газовая хроматография</kwd><kwd>масс-спектрометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>organochlorine pesticides</kwd><kwd>food products of animal origin</kwd><kwd>matrix solid-phase dispersion</kwd><kwd>gas chromatography</kwd><kwd>mass spectrometry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цыганков В.Ю., Боярова М.Д., Лукьянова О.Н. Химические и экологические аспекты стойких органических загрязняющих веществ. 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