medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-9-1223-1228etaujdmedlit-5166Research ArticleМЕТОДЫ ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙMETHODS OF HYGIENIC AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONSМетоды исследования содержания металлов и полициклических ароматических углеводородов в составе мелкодисперсных частиц, загрязняющих атмосферный воздух (обзор литературы)Methods of investigating the content of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fine particles in the composition of fine particles polluting the ambient air (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-3037НурисламоваТатьяна ВалентиновнаNurislamovaTatyana V.

Доктор биол. наук, зав. отд. химико-аналитических методов исследования ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия

e-mail: nurtat@fcrisk.ru

DSc (Biology), head, Department of chemical analytical research methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies for Public Health Risk Management, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation

e-mail: nurtat@fcrisk.ru 

nurtat@fcrisk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4276-9921ЗоринаАнастасия СергеевнаZorinaAnastasia S.

Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. – зав. лаб. методов анализа наноматериалов и мелкодисперсных частиц ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия

e-mail: zorina@fcrisk.ru

PhD (Biology), senior researcher, head, Laboratory of methods of analysis of nanomaterials and fine particles, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies for Public Health Risk Management, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation

e-mail: zorina@fcrisk.ru

zorina@fcrisk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-1145ЗайцеваНина ВладимировнаZaitsevaNina V.

Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, научный руководитель ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия

e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru

DSc (Medicine), professor, academician of the RAS, Scientific Director of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation

e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru

znv@fcrisk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8931-0539КрыловАлексей АлександровичKrylovAleksey A.

Мл. науч. сотр. лаб. методов анализа наноматериалов и мелкодисперсных частиц ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия

e-mail: krylov@fcrisk.ru

Junior researcher, Laboratory of methods of analysis of nanomaterials and fine particles, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies for Public Health Risk Management, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation

e-mail: kkrylov@fcrisk.ru

krylov@fcrisk.ruЗвереваЛада АлександровнаZverevaLada A.

Вед. химик лаб. методов анализа наноматериалов и мелкодисперсных частиц ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия

e-mail: zvereva@fcrisk.ru

Leading chemist, Laboratory of methods of analysis of nanomaterials and fine particles, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies for Public Health Risk Management, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation

e-mail: zvereva@fcrisk.ru

zvereva@fcrisk.ruФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» РоспотребнадзораРоссияFederal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management TechnologiesRussian Federation202522102025104912231228Copyright © Нурисламова Т.В., Зорина А.С., Зайцева Н.В., Крылов А.А., Зверева Л.А., 20252025Нурисламова Т.В., Зорина А.С., Зайцева Н.В., Крылов А.А., Зверева Л.А.Nurislamova T.V., Zorina A.S., Zaitseva N.V., Krylov A.A., Zvereva L.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5166

Загрязнение атмосферного воздуха является глобальной мировой проблемой. Присутствие в нём токсичных соединений, в том числе металлов и полициклических ароматических углеводородов (ПАУ), входящих в состав мелкодисперсных фракций взвешенных веществ, способствует росту заболеваемости населения.

Цель исследования – провести обзор представленных в научных публикациях современных методов отбора и определения содержания металлов и полициклических ароматических углеводородов (ПАУ), входящих в состав мелкодисперсных частиц атмосферного воздуха.

Материалом для настоящего обзора послужили публикации из реферативных баз данных Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus и eLIBRARY, посвящённые исследованию содержания металлов и ПАУ в составе мелкодисперсных частиц атмосферного воздуха (22 публикации). Анализ показал, что для отбора проб металлов и ПАУ, входящих в состав разных фракций мелкодисперсных частиц, эффективнее использовать многокаскадные импакторы. При подготовке пробы к анализу используют, как правило, целый фильтр, который подвергают кислотному разложению или жидкостной экстракции для определения содержания металлов и ПАУ соответственно. В качестве метода анализа в большинстве случаев применяют масс-спектрометрию с индуктивно связанной плазмой для анализа металлов и газовую хроматографию с масс-спектрометрическим детектированием для анализа ПАУ.

Заключение

Заключение. Анализ научно-методической литературы показал, что для отбора проб металлов и ПАУ, входящих в состав разных фракций мелкодисперсных частиц, эффективно использование многокаскадных импакторов. Металлы анализируют методами масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой и оптической эмиссионной спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой и обнаруживают на уровне нг и мкг. ПАУ анализируют методом газовой хроматографии с масс-спектрометрическим детектированием и обнаруживают на уровне нг и мкг. При этом время отбора образцов составляет 24 ч и более.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Нурисламова Т.В., Зорина А.С. – дизайн исследования, редактирование; Зайцева Н.В. – концепция и редактирование; Крылов А.А., Зверева Л.А. – сбор и анализ данных литературы, написание текста. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Поступила

Поступила: 03.04.2025 / Поступила после доработки: 02.06.2025 / Принята к печати: 19.09.2025 / Опубликована: 20.10.2025

Ambient air pollution is currently a global problem. The presence of various toxic compounds in ambient air, including metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with fine suspended particles, contributes to the development and increase in population morbidity.

The aim of the study

The aim of the study. To conduct a review of up-to-date methods for determining levels of metals and PAHs in fine particles polluting ambient air, which are currently available in scientific reports.

The material for this review was represented by data from Russian and foreign scientific literature published in the abstract databases Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and eLIBRARY and devoted to investigating levels of metals and PAHs associated with fine particles in ambient air (twenty two reports).

Analysis of literary sources has shown that it is more efficient to use multi-cascade impactors for sampling metals and PAHs contained in different fractions of fine particles. To prepare a sample for analysis, a whole filter is usually used, which is subjected to acid decomposition or liquid extraction for analysis of metals and PAHs, respectively. As an analytical method, most studies use inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for metal analysis and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection for PAH analysis.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature has shown that it is effective to use multi-stage impactors for taking metal and PAH samples, which are parts of different fractions of fine-dispersed particles. Metals are analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry at the ng and µg level. PAHs are analyzed using gas chromatography with massspectrometric detection and found at the ng and µg level. However, the sampling time is 24 hours or more.

Contribution

Contribution: Nurislamova T.V., Zorina A.S. – research design and editing; Zaitseva N.V. – concept and editing; Krylov A.A., Zvereva L.A. – literature data collection and analysis, text writing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received

Received: April 3, 2025 / Revised: June 2, 2025 / Accepted: September 19, 2025 / Published: October 20, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.