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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-10-1250-1256</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">uocxcq</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5219</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные подходы к оценке биообрастания материалов и оборудования, применяемого в питьевом водоснабжении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern approaches to assessing biofouling of materials and equipment used in drinking water supply</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-8382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Анна Венидиктовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, начальник отд. гигиены, ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: AAlekseeva@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), head, Department of hygiene, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical biological agency of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: AAlekseeva@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AAlekseeva@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2067-8014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахманин</surname><given-names>Юрий Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhmanin</surname><given-names>Yuriy A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, гл. науч. сотр. ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: awme@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, academician of the RAS, chief researcher, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical biological agency of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: awme@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">awme@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5721-4531</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стратан</surname><given-names>Габриэлла Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stratan</surname><given-names>Gabriella S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборант отд. гигиены «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: GStratan@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory assistant, Department of hygiene, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical biological agency of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: GStratan@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">GStratan@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды имени А.Н. Сысина ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene named after A.N. Sysin, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical biological agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды имени А.Н. Сысина ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства; ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene named after A.N. Sysin, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical biological agency of Russia; Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1250</fpage><lpage>1256</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеева А.В., Рахманин Ю.А., Стратан Г.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеева А.В., Рахманин Ю.А., Стратан Г.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseeva A.V., Rakhmanin Y.A., Stratan G.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5219">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5219</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Устойчивость к противомикробным препаратам входит в число десяти основных угроз здоровью в мире. Тесный контакт бактерий в биоплёнках способствует горизонтальному переносу генов устойчивости к антибиотикам. Этим обусловлено более высокое селекционное давление на бактерии по сравнению с планктонными формами. Невозможность обработки водопроводной воды непосредственно внутри труб заставляет обратить внимание на изучение адгезивных свойств вводимых в эксплуатацию материалов и методов оценки биообрастания.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследования образцов водопроводных труб проводили по МУ 2.1.4.2898–11. В статических условиях изучены процессы биообрастания на образцах водопроводных труб из различных материалов. Общее число микроорганизмов (ОМЧ) определяли в соответствии с ГОСТ 34786–2021, смывы с поверхности – по МУК 4.1.1260–03.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Получены результаты, согласно которым следует ожидать существенных различий микробиологических показателей качества воды. Можно предположить, что наибольшей склонностью к биообрастанию будут обладать материалы композитной природы. В то же время исследования, проведённые в других странах, демонстрируют иные результаты в отношении биообрастания, что косвенно говорит об ограниченности суждений, основанных только на применённом нами методе.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование проведено на шести образцах водопроводных труб при стандартных условиях. Необходимо провести эксперименты в условиях, приближенных к условиям эксплуатации данных материалов, с моделированием тока воды и в условиях более длительного контакта.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Увеличение количества анализируемых показателей качества питьевой воды, а также определение новых условно патогенных микроорганизмов, ассоциированных с антибиотикорезистентностью, вероятно, приведут к большим экономическим затратам, нежели тестирование элементов и систем водоснабжения для определения биообрастания вводимого в эксплуатацию оборудования. Положительных результатов следует ожидать при совершенствовании методик оценки биообрастания и введении их в рутинную практику, в том числе с учётом борьбы с антибиотикорезистентностью.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Алексеева А.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, сбор материала и обработка данных, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей; Рахманин Ю.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи; Стратан Г.С. – написание текста, сбор материала и обработка данных, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследования проводились в рамках государственного задания в ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 21.07.2025 / Принята к печати: 15.10.2025 / Опубликована: 14.11.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the top ten threats to global health. Close contact between bacteria in biofilms facilitates horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. This results in higher selection pressure on bacteria compared to planktonic forms. The impossibility of handling tap water directly inside the pipe forces us to pay attention to the adhesive properties of materials additionally introduced into the electrical wiring and methods for assessing biofouling.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The water pipe samples were tested according to MU 2.1.4.2898–11. Biofouling processes on water pipe samples made of various materials were studied under static conditions. The total number of microorganisms was determined in accordance with GOST 34786–2021.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The obtained results indicate that significant differences in microbiological indicators of water quality should be expected. It can be assumed that the greatest tendency to biofouling will be materials of composite nature. At the same time, studies conducted in other countries show different results regarding biofouling, which, by the way, indicates to the inadequacy of conclusions based only on the method we use.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study was conducted on six water pipe samples under standard conditions. Experiments should be conducted under conditions closer to the operating conditions of these materials, simulating water flow and under longer-term contact conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Increasing the number of analyzed drinking water quality indicators, as well as the procedure for identifying new opportunistic microorganisms associated with antibiotic resistance, will likely lead to greater economic costs than testing water supply elements and systems for biofouling of newly commissioned equipment. Thus, the above arguments support the study of biofouling assessment methods and their introduction into routine practice, including from the point of view of the importance of combating antibiotic resistance.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the conclusion of the Biomedical Ethics Committee.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Alekseeva A.V. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, collecting material and processing data, editing; Rakhmanin Yu.A. — concept and design of the study, editing; Stratan G.S. — writing the text, collecting material and processing data; Malysheva A.G. — editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: July 21, 2025 / Accepted: October 15, 2025 / Published: November 14, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биообрастание</kwd><kwd>методы оценки</kwd><kwd>водоснабжение</kwd><kwd>материалы для питьевого водоснабжения</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biofouling</kwd><kwd>assessment methods</kwd><kwd>water supply</kwd><kwd>drinking water supply materials</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Электронный фонд правовых и нормативно-технических документов. Стратегия предупреждения распространения антимикробной резистентности в Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года; 2017. 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