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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-10-1257-1262</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ayuriu</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5220</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обнаружение несанкционированного сброса сточных вод в поверхностный водный объект методом инфракрасной термографии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Detection of unauthorized wastewater discharge into a surface water body using infrared thermography</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7234-6890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калюжин</surname><given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalyuzhin</surname><given-names>Alexander S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: kalyuzhin.as@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: kalyuzhin.as@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kalyuzhin.as@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-9717</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. ФБУН РостовНИИ микробиологии и паразитологии, 344000, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия</p><p>e-mail: morozova.q@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), senior researcher, Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: morozova.q@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">morozova.q@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7442-9940</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Замараев</surname><given-names>Валерий Семёнович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zamaraev</surname><given-names>Valery S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, профессор каф. ФГБОУ ВО «ВГМУ» Минздрава России, 400081, Волгоград, Россия</p><p>e-mail: vszamaraev@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, professor, Volgograd State Medical University, 400081, Volgograd, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: vszamaraev@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vszamaraev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-0690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицына</surname><given-names>Оксана Олеговна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyna</surname><given-names>Oksana O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, зам. директора по научной работе ФБУН ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: sinitsyna.oo@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, corresponding member of the RAS, deputy director for research, Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: sinitsyna.oo@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sinitsyna.oo@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора; ФГАОУ ВО «Государственный университет просвещения»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman; State University of Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Ростовский научно-исследовательский институт микробиологии и паразитологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1257</fpage><lpage>1262</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Калюжин А.С., Морозова М.А., Замараев В.С., Синицына О.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калюжин А.С., Морозова М.А., Замараев В.С., Синицына О.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalyuzhin A.S., Morozova M.A., Zamaraev V.S., Sinitsyna O.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5220">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5220</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Актуальность работы обусловлена санитарно-эпидемиологическими рисками, связанными с антропогенным загрязнением поверхностных вод, особенно в зонах санитарной охраны (ЗСО) источников водоснабжения. Нарушения температурного режима водоёмов способствуют росту патогенной микрофлоры. Внедрение инфракрасной термографии как дистанционного метода контроля позволяет повысить эффективность социально-гигиенического мониторинга.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Обоснование и апробирование метода обнаружения несанкционированного сброса сточных вод в водоток с применением тепловизионного оборудования и последующей микробиологической верификацией.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Материалом для исследования служили термограммы и пробы воды из прибрежной зоны р. Дон в границах ЗСО. Тепловизионную съёмку проводили с использованием портативных и дистанционных устройств (Doogee V20 Pro (InfiRay), DJI Mavic 3 Thermal, Flins 3 (очки-монокуляр) и Seek Thermal Pro). Бактериологический анализ (обобщённые колиформные бактерии (ОКБ), кишечные палочки, энтерококки) проводили по МУК 4.2.3690–21, транспортировку и хранение проб – по ГОСТ Р 59024–2020. Статистическая обработка выполнена с применением t-критерия Стьюдента при p &lt; 0,05.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Тепловизионное обследование дельты Дона выявило прибрежные участки с температурой воды выше фоновой на ≥ 3 °C. В этих точках зафиксированы превышения содержания ОКБ, E. coli и E. faecalis более чем в пять раз. Расчёт неопределённости (± 0,85 °C; p = 95%) подтвердил достоверность различий. Установлена корреляция между температурными аномалиями и микробиологическими показателями, что указывает на два вероятных источника несанкционированного сброса.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения</title><p>Ограничения. Разработанная методика обеспечивает выявление источника вероятного несанкционированного поступления сточных вод в поверхностный водный объект, связанного с превышением санитарно-микробиологических нормативов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Практическая значимость инфракрасного термографирования подтверждена натурными исследованиями. Метод доказал свою эффективность как вспомогательное средство для экспресс-выявления несанкционированных сбросов и повышения результативности социально-гигиенического мониторинга водоёмов.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Калюжин А.С. – разработка дизайна исследования, анализ полученных данных, подготовка текста рукописи, редактирование текста рукописи; Морозова М.А. – разработка дизайна исследования, редактирование текста рукописи; Замараев В.С. – редактирование текста рукописи; Синицына О.О. – анализ полученных данных, подготовка текста рукописи, редактирование текста рукописи. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 17.06.2025 / Поступила после доработки: 22.07.2025 / Принята к печати: 15.10.2025 / Опубликована: 14.11.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The relevance of this study is due to sanitary and hygienic risks associated with anthropogenic pollution of surface waters, especially in sanitary protection zones (SPZ) of drinking water sources. Disruption of the thermal regime of water bodies promotes the growth of pathogenic microflora. The use of infrared thermography as a remote monitoring method can significantly improve the efficiency of sanitary and hygienic water monitoring.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To substantiate and test a method for detecting unauthorized wastewater discharge into surface watercourses using thermal imaging equipment with subsequent bacteriological verification.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study used thermograms and water samples from the coastal zone of the Don River within sanitary protection zones (SPZ) boundaries. Thermal imaging was conducted using portable and remote devices, including the Doogee V20 Pro (InfiRay) and DJI Mavic 3 Thermal. Bacteriological analysis (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis) was carried out in accordance with MU 4.2.3690–21, while sample transport and storage followed GOST R 59024–2020. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test (p &lt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Thermal inspection of the Don River delta revealed coastal areas where water temperature exceeded background levels by ≥3 °C. These locations showed more than fivefold exceedances of total coliforms, E. coli, and E. faecalis concentrations. The calculated expanded uncertainty (±0.85 °C, p = 95%) confirmed the reliability of these differences. A correlation was found between thermal anomalies and microbiological indicators, indicating two likely sources of unauthorized discharge.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The developed approach allows identifying potential sources of unauthorized wastewater discharge into surface waters associated with sanitary and bacteriological exceeds.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The practical value of infrared thermography has been confirmed by field studies. The method proved effective as an auxiliary tool for the rapid detection of unauthorized discharges and enhancing the effectiveness of sanitary and hygienic water monitoring.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study did not require approval from a biomedical ethics committee or other documentation.</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions: Kalyuzhin A.S. – study design, data analysis, manuscript writing, manuscript editing; Morozova M.A. – study design, manuscript editing; Zamaraev V.S. – manuscript editing; Sinitsyna O.O. – data analysis, manuscript writing, manuscript editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: June 17, 2025 / Revised: July 22, 2025 / Accepted: October 15, 2025 / Published: November 14, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метод инфракрасной термографии</kwd><kwd>сточные воды</kwd><kwd>несанкционированный сброс</kwd><kwd>поверхностный водный объект</kwd><kwd>зона санитарной охраны</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infrared thermography method</kwd><kwd>wastewater</kwd><kwd>unauthorized discharge</kwd><kwd>surface water body</kwd><kwd>sanitary protection zone</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Синицына О.О., Турбинский В.В., Гильденскиольд О.А., Ряшенцева Т.М., Ширяева М.А., Шпанка А.А. Свидетельство о государственной регистрации базы данных № 2022623314. 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