<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-10-1263-1268</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">bjievx</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5221</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы и перспективы нормирования молибдена в почве</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems and prospects of standardization of molybdenum in soil</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5765-0192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евсеева</surname><given-names>Ирина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evseeva</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, оссия</p><p>e-mail: Ievseeva@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), senior researcher, Hygiene department, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical biological agency of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: Ievseeva@cspfmba.ru </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ievseeva@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2275-9010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушакова</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushakova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: Oushakova@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), leading researcher, Hygiene department, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical biological agency of Russia, Moscow, 119121 Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: Oushakova@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Oushakova@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9050-3757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каменецкая</surname><given-names>Дарья Борисовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamenetskaya</surname><given-names>Daria B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: DKamenetskaya@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), leading researcher, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical biological agency of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: DKamenetskoy@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">DKamenetskaya@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7942-8004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>Сергей Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>Sergey M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, генеральный директор ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России</p><p>e-mail: info@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, general director, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical biological agency of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: info@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Strategic Planning of the  Federal medical biological agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1263</fpage><lpage>1268</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Евсеева И.С., Ушакова О.В., Каменецкая Д.Б., Юдин С.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Евсеева И.С., Ушакова О.В., Каменецкая Д.Б., Юдин С.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Evseeva I.S., Ushakova O.V., Kamenetskaya D.B., Yudin S.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5221">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5221</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Нормирование химических веществ в почве – одно из сложных и перспективных направлений гигиены. В настоящее время на территории Российской Федерации отсутствует утверждённый норматив содержания молибдена в почве. Как показывают исследования последних лет, молибден способен значительно загрязнять почву, особенно в местах техногенных выбросов, и его избыточное содержание в почве может привести к отрицательным последствиям для здоровья человека.</p><p>Цель исследования заключалась в определении на основе данных литературы и собственных исследований перспектив и проблем нормирования молибдена (Mo) в почве.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для поиска публикаций о влиянии молибдена на состояние окружающей среды и здоровье населения использовали базы данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Global Health, РИНЦ. Проведены натурные исследования содержания молибдена в почве различного назначения: г. Курчатов Курской области и г. Яровое Алтайского края.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что содержание молибдена в почве города с развитой химической промышленностью превышает этот показатель в почве города с ядерной промышленностью более чем в два раза. Коэффициент концентрации химического вещества (Kc) молибдена на изученных территориях больше 1, что может значительно влиять на суммарный индекс загрязнения почв. Установлено также, что содержание Mo в почве исследуемых территорий превышает нормативы, установленные в других странах. Показано, что без разработки единого норматива оценить качество и безопасность как почв, так и продукции, выращенной на территориях, потенциально загрязнённых молибденом, невозможно. Также отмечена необходимость совершенствования нормативной базы для лабораторных методов определения молибдена в почве.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования: отбор проб проведён на двух территориях с развитой ядерной и химической промышленностью, почвы территорий с другими источниками загрязнения не изучали.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработка гигиенически обоснованного норматива предельно допустимой концентрации молибдена в почве позволит объективно выявлять как источники загрязнения, так и возможность негативного влияния Mo на население.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Евсеева И.С. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование;Ушакова О.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование; Каменецкая Д.Б. – сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование; Юдин С.М. – концепция исследования, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 26.07.2024 / Принята к печати: 15.10.2025 / Опубликована: 14.11.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Rationing of chemicals in the soil is one of the promising and challenging areas in hygiene. Currently, there is no approved standard for the molybdenum content in the soil in the Russian Federation. As studies in recent years have shown, molybdenum can be a massive soil pollutant, especially in places of its man-made emissions, and its excessive content in the soil can lead to adverse consequences for human health. </p></sec><sec><title>The purpose of the study</title><p>The purpose of the study. To determine the prospects and problems of molybdenum rationing in soil based on the literature data and own research data. </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Literature sources on the effects of molybdenum on the environment and public health were studied using the following databases in the literature search: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Global Health, RSCI. Field studies were conducted on the molybdenum content in the soil for various purposes in the Kurchatov, Kursk region and in Yarovoye, Altai Territory. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The levels of molybdenum in the soil of a city with a developed chemical industry have been established to exceed the levels of molybdenum in the soil of a city with a nuclear industry by more than 2 times. The concentration coefficient of the chemical substance (Kc) molybdenum in the studied territories exceeds 1, which can significantly affect the total soil pollution index. The molybdenum content in the studied territories was also found to exceed the standards established in other countries. It is shown that without creating a single standard for the molybdenum content in the soil, it is impossible to assess the quality and safety of both soils and products grown in areas potentially contaminated with molybdenum. The need to improve the methodological base on laboratory methods for the determination of molybdenum in soil was also noted. </p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The studies were conducted on soils selected from two territories with developed nuclear and chemical industries, and did not affect territories with other sources of pollution.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The creation of a hygienically sound standard for the maximum permissible concentration of molybdenum in the soil makes it possible to objectively identify both the sources of pollution and the possibility of assessing its advers impact on the population.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require submission to a biomedical ethics committee or other documents.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Evseeva I.S. – concept and design of research, collection of material and data processing, text writing, editing; Ushakova O.V. – concept and design of the study, writing, editing; Kamenetskaya D.B. – collection of material and data processing, text writing, editing; Yudin S.M. – research concept, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study was carried out within the framework of a state assignment.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: July 26, 2025 / Accepted: October 15, 2025 / Published: November 14, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молибден</kwd><kwd>нормирование</kwd><kwd>почва</kwd><kwd>здоровье</kwd><kwd>тяжёлые металлы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>molybdenum</kwd><kwd>soil</kwd><kwd>regulation</kwd><kwd>heavy metals</kwd><kwd>health</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боярко Г.Ю. Современное состояние молибденовой промышленности России. Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. 2021; 332(2): 73–86. https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2021/2/3044 https://elibrary.ru/ggugau</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyarko G.Yu., Khatkov V.Yu. Current state of molybdenum industry in Russia. Izvestiya Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Inzhiniring georesursov. 2021; 332(2): 73–86. https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2021/2/3044 https://elibrary.ru/ggugau (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dumas A., De Windt L., Serclerat I., Sanchez F., Huet B., Kosson D.S., et al. Molybdenum-contaminated soil stabilization/solidification by mixtures of magnesium oxide and limestone calcined clay cement. J. Hazard Mater. 2025; 492: 138056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138056</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dumas A., De Windt L., Serclerat I., Sanchez F., Huet B., Kosson D.S., et al. Molybdenum-contaminated soil stabilization/solidification by mixtures of magnesium oxide and limestone calcined clay cement. J. Hazard Mater. 2025; 492: 138056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138056</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайцева Н.В., Землянова М.А., Степанков М.С., Игнатова А.М., Довбыш А.А., Недошитова А.В. и др. Исследование и сравнительная оценка токсичности наночастиц оксида молибдена (VI) при однократной пероральной экспозиции. Вестник Пермского университета. Серия: Биология. 2022; (3): 241–9. https://elibrary.ru/mlckfd</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaitseva N.V., Zemlyanova M.A., Stepankov M.S., Ignatova A.M., Dovbysh A.A., Nedoshytova A.V., et al. Study and comparative evaluation of the toxicity of molybdenum (VI) oxide nanoparticles at a single oral exposure. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Seriya: Biologiya. 2022; (3): 241–9. https://elibrary.ru/mlckfd (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Землянова М.А., Зайцева Н.В., Степанков М.С. Исследование и оценка подострой токсичности наночастиц оксида молибдена (VI) при ингаляционном пути поступления в организм крыс линии Wistar в сравнении с микроразмерным химическим аналогом. Гигиена и санитария. 2023; (10): 1119–24. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=54904848</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zemlyanova M.A., Zaitseva N.V., Stepankov M.S. Study and evaluation of the toxicity of molybdenum (VI) oxide nanoparticles by inhalation into the body of Wistar rats in a reaction with a microsized chemical analogue. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2023; (10): 1119–24. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=54904848(in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шейда Е.В., Русакова Е.А., Сипайлова О.Ю., Cизова Е.А., Лебедев С.В. Токсические эффекты ультрадисперсных форм металлов (Mo и MoO3) в эксперименте in vivo. Сельскохозяйственная биология. 2020; 55(6): 1171–81. https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2020.6.1171rus https://elibrary.ru/uowusg</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheida E.V., Rusakova E.A., Sipaylova O.Yu., Sizova E.A., Lebedev S.V. Toxic effects of ultra-dispersed forms of metals (Mo and MoO3) in the experiment in vivo. Selskokhozyaistvennaya biologiya. 2020; 55(6): 1171–81. https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2020.6.1171rus https://elibrary.ru/uowusg (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burguera J.L., Burguera M. Molybdenum in human whole blood of adult residents of the Merida State (Venezuela). J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2007; 21(3): 178–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2007.03.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burguera J.L., Burguera M. Molybdenum in human whole blood of adult residents of the Merida State (Venezuela). J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2007; 21(3): 178–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2007.03.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Langard S., Norseth T., Friberg L. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. Amsterdav: Elsevier; 1986: 322–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Langard S., Norseth T., Friberg L. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. Amsterdav: Elsevier; 1986: 322–45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mobarakeh S.N. The effect of molybdenum rate in soil on multiple sclerosis: case study New Zealand and Isfahan (a review). J. Geol. Res. 2020; 2(3): 52–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mobarakeh S.N. The effect of molybdenum rate in soil on multiple sclerosis: case study New Zealand and Isfahan (a review). J. Geol. Res. 2020; 2(3): 52–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shrivas K., Agrawal K., Harmukh N. Trace level determination of molybdenum in environmental and biological samples using surfactant-mediated liquid-liquid extraction. J. Hazard Mater. 2009; 161(1): 325–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.092</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shrivas K., Agrawal K., Harmukh N. Trace level determination of molybdenum in environmental and biological samples using surfactant-mediated liquid-liquid extraction. J. Hazard Mater. 2009; 161(1): 325–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.092</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siddiqui M.A., Saquib Q., Ahamed M., Farshori N.N., Ahmad J., Wahab R., et al. Molybdenum nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, G2/M arrest, and DNA damage in mouse skin fibroblast cells (L929). Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces. 2015; 125: 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.11.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siddiqui M.A., Saquib Q., Ahamed M., Farshori N.N., Ahmad J., Wahab R., et al. Molybdenum nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, G2/M arrest, and DNA damage in mouse skin fibroblast cells (L929). Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces. 2015; 125: 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.11.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang P.T., Wang S.L. Chemical speciation and availability of molybdenum in soils to wheat uptake. J. Environ. Manage. 2025; 374: 124097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124097</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang P.T., Wang S.L. Chemical speciation and availability of molybdenum in soils to wheat uptake. J. Environ. Manage. 2025; 374: 124097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124097</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курмышева А.Ю., Сотникова Е.В., Забенькина Е.О. Экологические аспекты извлечения молибдена из отходов нефтехимической промышленности. Вестник Белгородского государственного технологического университета им. В.Г. Шухова. 2013; (2): 152–5. https://elibrary.ru/pvmcaj</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurmysheva A.Yu., Sotnikova E.V., Zaben’kina E.O. Ecological aspects of molybdenum extraction from petrochemical industry waste. Vestnik Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta im. V.G. Shukhova. 2013; (2): 152–5. https://elibrary.ru/pvmcaj (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Timofeev I., Kosheleva N., Kasimov N. Contamination of soils by potentially toxic elements in the impact zone of tungsten‑molybdenum ore mine in the Baikal region: A survey and risk assessment. Sci. Total. Environ. 2018; 642: 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.042</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timofeev I., Kosheleva N., Kasimov N. Contamination of soils by potentially toxic elements in the impact zone of tungsten‑molybdenum ore mine in the Baikal region: A survey and risk assessment. Sci. Total. Environ. 2018; 642: 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.042</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ashfaq A., Khan Z.I., Ahmad K., Noorka I.R., Memona H., Bibi U., et al. Impact of municipal solid waste amendments on molybdenum bioaccumulation in soil and vegetables: health risk and bioavailability assessment. International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology. 2025. https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaaeb.v1i1.152 https://elibrary.ru/yfzchf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ashfaq A., Khan Z.I., Ahmad K., Noorka I.R., Memona H., Bibi U., et al. Impact of municipal solid waste amendments on molybdenum bioaccumulation in soil and vegetables: health risk and bioavailability assessment. International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology. 2025. https://doi.org/10.56612/ijaaeb.v1i1.152 https://elibrary.ru/yfzchf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruban D.A., Mikhailenko A.V., Yashalova N.N. Joint consideration of molybdenum and tourism leads to a new research field. Discov. Chem. 2024; 1: 41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44371-024-00050-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruban D.A., Mikhailenko A.V., Yashalova N.N. Joint consideration of molybdenum and tourism leads to a new research field. Discov. Chem. 2024; 1: 41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44371-024-00050-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Осипова Н.А., Язиков Е.Г., Янкович Е.П. Тяжелые металлы в почве и овощах как фактор риска для здоровья человека. Фундаментальные исследования. 2013; (8–3): 681–6. https://elibrary.ru/qjgpsf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osipova N.A., Yazikov E.G., Yankovich E.P. Heavy metals in soil and vegetables as a risk factor for health of consumers. Fundamental’nye issledovaniya. 2013; (8–3): 681–6. https://elibrary.ru/qjgpsf (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hard C. Toxicological profile for molybdenum: draft for public comment; 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hard C. Toxicological profile for molybdenum: draft for public comment; 2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi Y., Yu Y., Xiang M., Cui P., Cui J., Zhang F., et al. Changes in molybdenum bioaccessibility in four spiked soils with respect to soil pH and organic matter. J. Environ. Manage. 2023; 334: 117476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117476</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi Y., Yu Y., Xiang M., Cui P., Cui J., Zhang F., et al. Changes in molybdenum bioaccessibility in four spiked soils with respect to soil pH and organic matter. J. Environ. Manage. 2023; 334: 117476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117476</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курчатовский район. Доступно: https://mke.su/doc/KURChATOVSKII%20RAION.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurchatov district. Available at: https://mke.su/doc/KURChATOVSKII%20RAION.html (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алтайский край. Доступно: https://altairegion22.ru/territory/o-krae/info/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altai Territory. Available at: https://altairegion22.ru/territory/o-krae/info/ (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каталымов М.В. Микроэлементы и микроудобрения. М.: Химия; 1965.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katalymov M.V. Microelements and Micronutrients [Mikroelementy i mikroudobreniya]. Moscow: Khimiya; 1965. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oskarsson A., Kippler M. Molybdenum – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr. Res. 2023; 67. https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.10326</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oskarsson A., Kippler M. Molybdenum – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr. Res. 2023; 67. https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.10326</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eiva F., Sim J.L. Analytical Techniques for Molybdenum Determination in Plants and Soils. In: Gupta U.C., ed. Molybdenum in Agriculture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1997: 92–110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eiva F., Sim J.L. Analytical Techniques for Molybdenum Determination in Plants and Soils. In: Gupta U.C., ed. Molybdenum in Agriculture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1997: 92–110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shao X. An analytical method for the determination of molybdenum in the end fitting of PE flexible composite pipe. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2019; 612(2): 022090. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/612/2/022090</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shao X. An analytical method for the determination of molybdenum in the end fitting of PE flexible composite pipe. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2019; 612(2): 022090. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/612/2/022090</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рахимов С.Б., Сманова З.А. Cорбционно-фотометрическое определение молибдена. UNIVERSUM: Химия и биология. 2020; (12–1): 39–45. https://elibrary.ru/olfznx</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakhimov S.B., Smanova Z.A. Sorption-photometric determination of molybdenum. UNIVERSUM: Khimiya i biologiya. 2020; (12–1): 39–45. https://elibrary.ru/olfznx (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
