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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-10-1296-1301</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">jgxrkv</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5226</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гигиенические аспекты воздействия химических и физических факторов среды обитания на репродуктивное здоровье мужчин фертильного возраста (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygienic aspects of the exposure to chemical and physical environmental factors on reproductive health in men of fertile age (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-9613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Землянова</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemlyanova</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. отд. биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН» Роспотребнадзора, 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, head, Biochemical and cytogenetic diagnostic techniques department, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zem@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-4526</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кольдибекова</surname><given-names>Юлия Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koldibekova</surname><given-names>Juliya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. с выполнением обязанностей зав. лаб. метаболизма и фармакокинетики отд. биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: koldibekova@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), senior researcher, head, Laboratory of metabolism and pharmacokinetics, Department of biochemical and cytogenetic diagnostic methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: koldibekova@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koldibekova@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7214-0413</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каменских</surname><given-names>Дарья Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamenskikh</surname><given-names>Daria M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборант-исследователь лаб. биохимической и наносенсорной диагностики отд. биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: teterina@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory assistant-researcher, Laboratory of biochemical and nanosensor diagnostics of the Department of biochemical and cytogenetic diagnostic methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: teterina@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">teterina@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1296</fpage><lpage>1301</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Землянова М.А., Кольдибекова Ю.В., Каменских Д.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Землянова М.А., Кольдибекова Ю.В., Каменских Д.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zemlyanova M.A., Koldibekova J.V., Kamenskikh D.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5226">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5226</self-uri><abstract><p>Снижение фертильности у мужчин репродуктивного возраста в силу многоэтапности, длительности и повышенной уязвимости сперматогенеза к действию факторов среды обитания, в первую очередь химических и физических, относится к актуальным проблемам гигиены и профилактической медицины. Для определения ключевых направлений развития и совершенствования методов решения данной научной задачи необходима систематизация знаний и изучение закономерностей и особенностей действия факторов на репродуктивный потенциал.</p><p>В настоящем обзоре отражены гигиенические аспекты воздействия химических и физических факторов на репродуктивное здоровье мужчин, представленные в научной практике за последние 25 лет. Предметом настоящего обзора были материалы отечественных и международных наукометрических баз данных (eLIBRARY, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus), научных обществ и ассоциаций Российской Федерации, содержащие сведения об особенностях действия химических и физических факторов среды обитания на репродуктивное здоровье мужчин (160 публикаций).</p><p>К настоящему времени установлено прямое и косвенное воздействие химических и физических факторов на мужское репродуктивное здоровье. Негативные последствия заключаются в морфологических, функциональных нарушениях репродуктивной системы или опосредованной индукции каскада окислительных, воспалительных и других реакций в организме, патогенетические механизмы которых могут нарушать репродуктивную функцию на различных уровнях её регуляции через эндокринную, иммунную, нервную, сердечно-сосудистую системы. Также установлено влияние на фертильность не только химических и физических факторов, их сочетанного воздействия, но и образа жизни, вредных привычек, инфекционных и хронических болезней. Это усложняет процесс обоснования истинного детерминанта. Систематизация закономерностей и выделение особенностей прямого и опосредованного влияния факторов среды обитания, в первую очередь химических и физических, на репродуктивное здоровье дают возможность детально изучить патогенетические механизмы воздействия, повысить эффективность ранней диагностики и адресной коррекции выявленных нарушений мужской фертильности. Это является критически важным для сохранения и укрепления репродуктивного здоровья населения и обеспечения устойчивого демографического развития государства.</p><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Землянова М.А. – дизайн исследования, редактирование; Кольдибекова Ю.В., Каменских Д.М. – сбор и анализ литературных данных, написание текста. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 22.09.2025 / Принята к печати: 15.10.2025 / Опубликована: 14.11.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Reduced fertility in men of reproductive age due to the multi-stage nature, duration, and increased vulnerability of spermatogenesis to effects of environmental factors, primarily chemical and physical ones, is a pressing problem of hygiene and preventive medicine. To identify key areas of development and improvement of the methodology for solving this scientific problem, first of all, it is necessary to systematize knowledge in the field of studying patterns and characteristics of effects produced by environmental exposures on reproductive potential.</p><p>In this review there are reflected hygienic aspects of effects produced by chemical and physical factors on reproductive health  in men, which have been presented in scientific practice over the last twenty five years. The subject of this review was materials found in Russian and international scientometric databases (eLIBRARY, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus) and scientific societies and associations of the Russian Federation containing information on peculiar effects produced by chemical and physical environmental factors on reproductive health (160 reports). </p><p>By now, direct and indirect effects produced by chemical and physical factors on male reproductive health have been established, characterized by morphological and functional disorders of the reproductive system itself or indirect induction of a cascade of oxidative, inflammatory, and other in the body, the pathogenetic mechanisms of which can disrupt the reproductive function at various levels of its regulation through the endocrine, immune, nervous, cardiovascular, and other systems. Despite the existing general scientific achievements in this research area, difficulties and limitations have been identified as regards effects on fertility produced not only by chemical and physical factors or their combined effects but also lifestyle, bad habits, infectious and chronic diseases. This complicates the process of substantiating the true determinant. Systematization of patterns and identification of peculiar direct and indirect influence of environmental factors, primarily chemical and physical ones, on reproductive health provides a more detailed insight into pathogenetic mechanisms of their impact and allows increasing effectiveness of early diagnosis and targeted correction of identified male fertility disorders. This is critically important for maintaining and strengthening reproductive health of the country’s population and ensuring sustainable demographic development of the state.</p><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Zemlyanova M.A. — study design and editing the text; Koldibekova J.V. — data collection and analysis, writing the text; Kamenskikh D.M. — data collection and analysis, writing the text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: September 21, 2025 / Accepted: October 15, 2025 / Published: November 14, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>репродуктивное здоровье</kwd><kwd>мужское население</kwd><kwd>химические вещества</kwd><kwd>физические факторы</kwd><kwd>прямое и опосредованное воздействие</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reproductive health</kwd><kwd>men</kwd><kwd>chemicals</kwd><kwd>physical factors</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Зайцева Н.В., Май И.В., Шур П.З., Попова А.Ю., Алексеев В.Б. и др. Анализ риска здоровью в стратегии государственного социально-экономического развития: монография. 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