medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-10-1334-1340uajnftmedlit-5232Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯFOOD HYGIENEОсобенности организации питания лиц, работающих в условиях нагревающего микроклимата (обзор литературы)Features of the management of nutrition in persons working in conditions of a heating microclimate (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-6776СеткоАндрей ГеннадьевичSetkoAndrey G.

Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. отд. гигиены питания ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия

DSc (Medicine), professor, head, Department of food hygiene, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9514-9921РусаковВладимир НиколаевичRusakovVladimir N.

Канд. мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены питания ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия

e-mail: vladrus2005@gmail.com

PhD (Medicine), leading researcher, Department of food hygiene, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation

e-mail: vladrus2005@gmail.com

vladrus2005@gmail.comФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» РоспотребнадзораРоссияFederal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. ErismanRussian Federation2025161120251041013341340Copyright © Сетко А.Г., Русаков В.Н., 20252025Сетко А.Г., Русаков В.Н.Setko A.G., Rusakov V.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5232Введение

Введение. В статье рассматриваются особенности питания лиц, работающих в условиях нагревающего микроклимата, влияние высоких температур на физиологические функции организма, энергетический обмен и водно-электролитный баланс. Анализируются современные научные данные о роли макро- и микронутриентов, а также стратегии восполнения физиологических потребностей для сохранения здоровья и поддержания работоспособности.

Цель исследования – изучить физиологическую потребность в нутриентах и гидратации при работе в условиях нагревающего микроклимата, разработать рекомендации по оптимизации рациона для сохранения здоровья и поддержания работоспособности. Проведён систематический обзор публикаций, размещённых на информационных порталах eLIBRARY.ru, Science Direct, PubMed, на русском и английском языках о влиянии высоких температур на организм человека, энергетический обмен и водно-электролитный баланс. Использованы данные о роли макро- и микронутриентов в питании в условиях нагревающего микроклимата и стратегиях гидратации, полученные ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора при проведении соответствующих исследований. Установлено, что в условиях нагревающего микроклимата катаболизм смещается в сторону углеводного обмена, а потеря жидкости и электролитов требует контроля гидратации.

Заключение

Заключение. Анализ литературных источников и результатов научных исследований, проведённых в ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, позволил обосновать принципы и рекомендации по разработке рациона, адаптированного к условиям нагревающего микроклимата, для поддержания оптимального уровня гидратации и обеспечения работающих необходимыми питательными веществами. В рационе должны присутствовать легкоусвояемые углеводы, белки и жиры в умеренном количестве, а также витамины и минералы. Разработаны рекомендации по составлению рациона и режиму питания при работе в условиях нагревающего микроклимата.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Сетко А.Г. – концепция и подготовка обзора, написание текста; Русаков В.Н. – сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Поступила

Поступила: 04.08.2025 / Принята к печати: 15.10.2025 / Опубликована: 14.11.2025

Introduction

Introduction. The article discusses the nutritional features when working in a heating microclimate, including the effect of high temperatures on the physiological functions of the body, energy metabolism, and water-electrolyte balance. Modern scientific data on the role of macro- and micronutrients, as well as strategies for replenishing physiological needs to maintain perfTormance and health are analyzed.

The purpose of the study

The purpose of the study. To study the physiological needs for nutrients and hydration when working in a heating microclimate and develop recommendations for optimizing the diet to maintain performance and health.

A systematic scientific review of studies in Russian and English was conducted using the information portals eLIBRARY.ru, Science Direct, PubMed, including studies of the effect of high temperatures on the human body, energy metabolism, and water-electrolyte balance. The data from studies conducted at the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman on the role of macro- and micronutrients in nutrition in a heating microclimate, as well as hydration strategies, were used. It has been established that in conditions of a heating microclimate, energy metabolism shifts towards carbohydrate metabolism, and the loss of fluid and electrolytes requires increased attention to hydration.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The conducted analysis of literary sources and materials of scientific research conducted at the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman allowed substantiating the principles and recommendations for the development of a diet adapted to the conditions of a heating microclimate to maintain an optimal level of hydration and provide the body of workers with the necessary nutrients. The optimal diet should include easily digestible carbohydrates, a moderate amount of protein and fats, as well as vitamins and minerals. Recommendations have been developed for compiling a diet and a nutritional regimen when working in conditions of a heating microclimate.

Contribution

Contribution: Setko A.G. – concept and design of the review, writing the text; Rusakov V.N. – collection and processing of material, writing the text; editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received

Received: August 4, 2025 / Accepted: October 15, 2025 / Published: November 14, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.