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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-11-1418-1427</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">maqjzb</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5287</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ факторов риска аварий на химически опасных объектах (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of accident risk factors at chemically hazardous facilities (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-1093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедь-Шарлевич</surname><given-names>Яна Ивановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebed-Sharlevich</surname><given-names>Yana I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований, ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: YaSharlevich@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), senior researcher, Department of preventive toxicology and biomedical research, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: YaSharlevich@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">YaSharlevich@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6540-6015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамонов</surname><given-names>Роман Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamonov</surname><given-names>Roman A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, начальник отд. профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований, ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: RMamonov@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), head, Department of preventive toxicology and biomedical research, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: RMamonov@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">RMamonov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7032-1366</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савостикова</surname><given-names>Ольга Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savostikova</surname><given-names>Olga N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, начальник отд. физико-химических исследований и экотоксикологии, ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: OSavostikova@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), head, Department of physicochemical research and ecotoxicology, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: OSavostikova@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">OSavostikova@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning of the federal medical biological agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1418</fpage><lpage>1427</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лебедь-Шарлевич Я.И., Мамонов Р.А., Савостикова О.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лебедь-Шарлевич Я.И., Мамонов Р.А., Савостикова О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lebed-Sharlevich Y.I., Mamonov R.A., Savostikova O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5287">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5287</self-uri><abstract><p>Аварии на химически опасных объектах (ХОО) представляют серьёзную угрозу здоровью населения и окружающей среде. В условиях роста масштабов химического производства и широкого применения аварийно химически опасных веществ (АХОВ) возрастает потребность в системной оценке рисков на всех этапах жизненного цикла химической продукции.</p><p>Цель работы – выявление и анализ факторов риска, обусловливающих возникновение аварий на химически опасных объектах.</p><p>Для подготовки обзора проведён поиск научной и нормативной литературы в области оценки химических рисков на предприятиях, использующих опасные химические вещества. Поиск источников осуществлялся в научных базах данных Google Scholar, eLibrary и CyberLeninka. Особое внимание уделено публикациям последних десяти лет (2015–2025 гг.). В отдельных случаях в обзор включали и более ранние источники, если они содержали важные сведения по теме данного обзора. Выявлены основные причины возникновения аварий на различных этапах производства, классифицированы типы инцидентов в зависимости от агрегатного состояния АХОВ и условий их выброса. Отражена роль технических неисправностей, человеческого фактора и природных условий. Показано, что возникновение аварий на химически опасных объектах часто обусловлено совокупностью нескольких взаимосвязанных факторов, которые усиливают друг друга. Для предотвращения аварий на ХОО необходимы строгое соблюдение требований производственной безопасности, постоянный контроль условий труда и состояния оборудования. Химическая безопасность может быть обеспечена только комплексными мерами: техническим переоснащением, подготовкой кадров, совершенствованием нормативной базы и межведомственным взаимодействием. Сочетание этих элементов уменьшит вероятность возникновения аварий и повысит готовность к эффективному реагированию в случае их возникновения.</p><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Лебедь-Шарлевич Я.И. – сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста; Мамонов Р.А. – редактирование; Савостикова О.Н. – редактирование. Все соавторы – концепция и дизайн исследования, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках Государственного задания.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 01.08.2025 / Принята к печати: 03.11.2025 / Опубликована: 19.12.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Accidents at chemically hazardous facilities pose a significant threat to public health and the environment. With the growing scale of chemical production and the widespread use of hazardous chemicals, there is a growing need for a systematic risk assessment at all stages of the chemical product life cycle.</p><p>The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the risk factors contributing to accidents at chemically hazardous facilities.</p><p>To prepare this review, a literature search was conducted for scientific and regulatory publications on the assessment of chemical risks at facilities handling hazardous substances. The search was carried out using scientific databases such as Google Scholar, eLibrary, and CyberLeninka. Special attention was given to reports from the last ten years (2015-2025), although earlier sources were also included if they contained significant information relevant to the topic.</p><p>The main causes of accidents at different stages of chemical production were identified, and incident types were classified according to the physical state of the hazardous chemicals and the conditions of their release. The roles of technical malfunctions, human error, and natural factors were highlighted. Accidents at chemically hazardous facilities (CHFs) were shown to result often from a combination of several interrelated factors that can amplify one another.</p><p>Preventing such accidents requires strict compliance with industrial safety regulations, continuous monitoring of working conditions, and regular inspection of equipment. Ensuring chemical safety demands a comprehensive approach, including technological modernization, personnel training, regulatory improvements, and interagency cooperation. Combining these elements will reduce the likelihood of accidents and improve preparedness for effective response when they occur.</p><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Lebed-Sharlevich Ya.I. – collection and processing of material, writing a text; Mamonov R.A. – editing; Savostikova O.N. – editing. All authors are responsible for the concept and design of the study, integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study was conducted within the framework of the State Assignment.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: August 1, 2025 / Accepted: November 3, 2025 / Published: December 19, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>химическая безопасность</kwd><kwd>аварийно химически опасные вещества</kwd><kwd>химический риск</kwd><kwd>техногенные аварии</kwd><kwd>санитарно-гигиеническая защита</kwd><kwd>управление безопасностью</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chemical safety</kwd><kwd>hazardous chemicals</kwd><kwd>chemical risk</kwd><kwd>industrial accidents</kwd><kwd>sanitary protection</kwd><kwd>safety management</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmad S.I., Hashim H., Hassim M.H., Rashid R. 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