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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-11-1446-1451</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">iuewbf</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5291</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патогенетические аспекты и методы диагностики поражений кожи у горнорабочих (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathogenetic aspects and diagnostic methods of skin lesions in mining workers (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8650-8803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцына</surname><given-names>Ирина Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsyna</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зам. директора по научной работе ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: yacyna.iv@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, deputy director for scientific work, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: yacyna.iv@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yacyna.iv@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0340-9314</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астахова</surname><given-names>Ирина Витальевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Astakhova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-дерматовенеролог ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: astahova.iv@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dermatovenerologist, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: astahova.iv@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">astahova.iv@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФНЦГ «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1446</fpage><lpage>1451</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яцына И.В., Астахова И.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яцына И.В., Астахова И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yatsyna I.V., Astakhova I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5291">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5291</self-uri><abstract><p>Горнорабочие имеют чрезвычайно высокий риск развития таких профессиональных патологий, как вибрационная болезнь, нейросенсорная тугоухость, радикулопатия и профессиональные болезни органов дыхания. Специфика трудового процесса нередко обусловливает нарушения периферической микроциркуляции преимущественно спастического характера, что проявляется в виде периферического ангиодистонического синдрома. Патология микроциркуляции у данной группы рабочих связана с нейрогуморальной, эндотелиальной дисфункцией в сочетании с изменениями реологических свойств крови. Актуальность изучения микроциркуляторно-тканевых систем у горнорабочих подтверждается вовлечением изменений микроциркуляции в различные патологические процессы ещё на преморбидном этапе. Комплекс производственных факторов может оказывать повреждающее действие на эпидермис и дерму, что клинически проявляется в виде цианоза и мраморности конечностей, гипергидроза ладоней и стоп, пастозности пальцев и тыла кистей, ксероза и кератоза кожи, микозов.</p><p>Цель работы – проанализировать литературу о механизмах развития и способах диагностики поражений кожи у горнорабочих для внедрения в рутинную практику более точных и доступных диагностических технологий. При написании данной обзорной статьи использованы базы данных Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, РИНЦ. В статье отражены патогенетические аспекты поражений кожи у горнорабочих, представлены последние исследования российских и зарубежных авторов в области изучения маркёров повреждения эндотелия и особенностей нарушений нейрогуморальной регуляции, представлены механизмы поражения эпидермиса у рабочих горнорудной промышленности. По результатам анализа литературы представлены классические, широко используемые, а также современные методы диагностики для раннего выявления поражений компонентов гиподермы, дермы и эпидермиса: кожная термометрия с холодовой нагрузкой (холодовой пробой), капилляроскопия, термография, плетизмография, ультразвуковое сканирование, лазерная допплеровская флоуметрия, дерматоскопия, методы оценки физиологических параметров кожи.</p><p>Применение передовых технологий диагностики и профилактические мероприятия имеют ключевое значение для улучшения здоровья горнорабочих, профилактики профессиональных и коморбидных патологий.</p><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Яцына И.В. ‒ концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Астахова И.В. ‒ сбор и обработка материала, написание текста. Все соавторы ‒ утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 23.05.2025 / Принята к печати: 03.11.2025 / Опубликована: 19.12.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The most significant occupational hazards to which mining workers are exposed include the development of vibration-induced diseases, sensorineural hearing loss, radiculopathy, and occupational respiratory diseases. Disturbances in peripheral microcirculation, predominantly of a spastic nature, are frequently observed as a result of the peculiarities inherent in the labour process. These disturbances manifest as peripheral angiodystonic syndrome. The observed pathologies of microcirculation in this cohort of workers are associated with neurohumoral dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, and alterations in the rheological properties of blood. The pertinence of examining microcirculatory tissue systems in miners is substantiated by the implication of microcirculatory alterations in diverse pathological processes at the premorbid stage. The complex of production factors has a damaging effect on the epidermis and dermis, which clinically can be manifested in the form of cyanosis and marbling of extremities, hyperhidrosis of palms and feet, pastosity of fingers and back of hands, xerosis, and keratosis of skin, and mycoses.</p><p>The purpose of the work is to undertake a comprehensive review and analysis of the extant literature pertaining to the mechanisms of development and methods of diagnosis of skin lesions in mining workers.</p><p>The present review article was created using the following bibliographic databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE and RINC. The article presents the pathogenetic aspects of skin lesions in mining workers, along with recent studies by Russian and foreign authors in the field of endothelial damage markers and peculiarities of neurohumoral regulation disorders. In addition, the mechanisms of epidermis lesions in mining workers are discussed. This paper presents an overview of the extant literature on diagnostic methods for the early detection of lesions in the hypodermis, dermis, and epidermis. The methods covered include classical techniques, as well as more modern approaches. These encompass skin thermometry with cold load (cold test), capillaroscopy, thermography, plethysmography, ultrasound scanning, laser Doppler flowmetry, dermatoscopy, and methods of assessing physiological parameters of the skin. The results of the analysis of the literature are presented in this study.</p><p>The implementation of advanced diagnostic technologies and preventive measures is of paramount importance for enhancing the health status in miners and preventing occupational and comorbid diseases.</p><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Yatsyna I.V. ‒ research concept and design, editing; Astakhova I.V. ‒ collection and processing of material, writing the text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: May 23, 2025 / Accepted: November 3, 2025 / Published: December 19, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>горнорабочие</kwd><kwd>вибрационная болезнь</kwd><kwd>кожа</kwd><kwd>микроциркуляция</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>miners</kwd><kwd>vibration syndrome</kwd><kwd>skin</kwd><kwd>microcirculation</kwd><kwd>diagnostic</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чеботарёв А.Г., Семенцова Д.Д. 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