medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-11-1465-1474qnvilrmedlit-5294Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯFOOD HYGIENEОпыт, проблемы и перспективы использования ионизирующего облучения для обработки пищевой продукции в Российской ФедерацииExperience, problems and prospects of using ionizing radiation for food processing in the Russian Federationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-5307ПоповаАнна ЮрьевнаPopovaAnna Yu.

Доктор мед. наук, профессор, руководитель Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, Главный государственный санитарный врач Российской Федерации, 127994, Москва, Россия

DSc (Medicine), professor, head, Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Chief State Sanitary Physician of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 127994, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0209-9732КузьминСергей ВладимировичKuzminSergey V.

Доктор мед. наук, профессор, директор ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия

e-mail: Kuzmin.sv@fncg.ru

DSc (Medicine), professor, director, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation

e-mail: Kuzmin.sv@fncg.ru 

Kuzmin.sv@fncg.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9514-9921РусаковВладимир НиколаевичRusakovVladimir N.

Канд. мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены питания ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия

e-mail: vladrus2005@gmail.com

PhD (Medicine), leading researcher, Department of food hygiene, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation

e-mail: vladrus2005@gmail.com

vladrus2005@gmail.comФедеральная служба в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человекаРоссияFederal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human WellbeingRussian FederationФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены» РоспотребнадзораРоссияFederal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. ErismanRussian Federation2025191220251041114651474Copyright © Попова А.Ю., Кузьмин С.В., Русаков В.Н., 20252025Попова А.Ю., Кузьмин С.В., Русаков В.Н.Popova A.Y., Kuzmin S.V., Rusakov V.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5294

Обеспечение безопасности и качества пищевых продуктов является ключевым направлением государственной политики Российской Федерации, ориентированной на сохранение и укрепление здоровья населения. В условиях растущих продовольственных потерь и глобальной угрозы микробиологической контаминации, появления устойчивых патогенов и ограничения применения химических фумигантов особое значение приобретают физические технологии, в том числе обработка пищевых продуктов ионизирующим излучением (ОИИ). В обзоре рассмотрены технологические основы ОИИ (радаппертизация, радуризация, радисидация) с позиций гигиены и безопасности, приведены сводные данные о диапазонах доз для различных групп продуктов; обобщены результаты многолетних медико-биологических исследований и современных оценок влияния ОИИ на белки, липиды, углеводы, витамины и биологически активные вещества; данные токсикологической оценки продуктов радиолиза.

Особое внимание уделено классическим экспериментальным исследованиям на нескольких поколениях лабораторных животных и наблюдениям за добровольцами, а также современным токсикологическим и оценочным исследованиям 2-алкилциклобутанонов и других продуктов радиолиза. Установлено, что при реалистичных дозах и полноценности рационов облучённая пища не оказывает неблагоприятного влияния на рост, развитие, репродукцию и продолжительность жизни.

В работе представлен анализ нормативно-правового регулирования производства облучённой продукции в СССР, Российской Федерации и за рубежом. Приведён перечень продуктов, для которых радиационная обработка была официально разрешена Минздравом СССР, с указанием целей обработки и максимальных поглощённых доз.

Сформулированы перспективные направления регламентируемого применения ОИИ в Российской Федерации (специи, сухие ингредиенты, зерно, мясо и птица, рыба и морепродукты, плодоовощная продукция, специализированное питание) и приоритетные задачи оценки медико-биологических рисков с учётом современных подходов. Обоснована необходимость комплексного подхода к гигиенической регламентации ОИИ, в том числе гармонизации нормативной базы с международными стандартами, разработки методов идентификации и цифровой прослеживаемости облучённой продукции.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Попова А.Ю. – концепция и подготовка статьи; Кузьмин С.В. – концепция и подготовка статьи, написание текста; Русаков В.Н. – сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Поступила

Поступила: 29.05.2025 / Поступила после доработки: 20.11.2025 / Принята к печати: 25.11.2025 / Опубликована: 19.12.2025

Ensuring food safety and quality being the key focus of state policy in the Russian Federation, aimed at preserving and strengthening public health. In the context of growing food losses and global challenges related to microbiological contamination, the emergence of resistant pathogens, and restrictions on the use of chemical fumigants, physical processing technologies, including food irradiation with ionizing radiation, are becoming particularly important. This review examines the technological foundations of food irradiation (radappertization, radurization, radicidation) in terms of the perspectives of hygiene and safety. Summary data on dose ranges for different food groups are provided.

The results of long-term biomedical studies and modern assessments are summarized: the impact of food irradiation on proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and bioactive substances, as well as data from the toxicological assessment of radiolysis products. Special attention is paid to classic experimental studies on several generations of laboratory animals and observations in human volunteers, which showed that with realistic doses and a balanced diet, irradiated food has no adverse effects on growth, development, reproduction, or lifespan. Modern toxicological and assessment studies of 2-alkylcyclobutanones and other radiolysis products are also considered.

The regulatory framework for the production of irradiated products in the USSR/Russia and abroad is analyzed. A list of products for which radiation processing was officially permitted by the USSR Ministry of Health is provided, indicating the purposes of processing and the maximum absorbed doses.

Promising areas for the regulated application of food irradiation in the Russian Federation are outlined (spices, dry ingredients, grain, meat and poultry, fish and seafood, fruit and vegetable products, specialized nutrition), along with priority tasks for assessing biomedical risks considering modern approaches. The necessity of a comprehensive approach to the hygienic regulation of food irradiation is substantiated, involving the harmonization of the regulatory framework with international standards, the development of identification methods, and digital traceability for irradiated products.

Contributions

Contributions: Popova A.Yu. – concept and article preparation; Kuzmin S.V. – concept and article preparation, text writing; Rusakov V.N. – material collection and processing, text writing, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received

Received: May 29, 2025 / Revised: November 20, 2025 / Accepted: November 25, 2025 / Published: December 19, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.