medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-11-1480-1485regedbmedlit-5296Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯFOOD HYGIENEОценка безопасности пищевых азокрасителей в тесте ЭймсаAssessment of the safety of food azo dyes in the Ames testhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3619-3858АхальцеваЛюдмила ВячеславовнаAkhaltsevaLyudmila V.

Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия

e-mail: LAhalceva@cspfmba.ru

PhD (Biology), senior researcher, Department of preventive toxicology and biomedical research, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation

e-mail: LAhalceva@cspfmba.ru

LAhalceva@cspfmba.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4377-245XЮрченкоВалентина ВасильевнаYurchenkoValentina V.

Канд. мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия

e-mail: VYurchenko@cspfmba.ru

PhD (Medicine), leading researcher, Department of preventive toxicology and biomedical research, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation

e-mail: VYurchenko@cspfmba.ru

VYurchenko@cspfmba.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0866-5990НикитинаТатьяна АлександровнаNikitinaTatyana A.

Биолог отд. профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия

e-mail: TNikitina@cspfmba.ru

Biologist, Department of preventive toxicology and biomedical research, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation

e-mail: TNikitina@cspfmba.ru

TNikitina@cspfmba.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6540-6015МамоновРоман АлександровичMamonovRoman A.

Канд. мед. наук, начальник отд. профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия

e-mail: RMamonov@cspfmba.ru

PhD (Medicine), head, Department of preventive toxicology and biomedical research, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation

e-mail: RMamonov@cspfmba.ru

RMamonov@cspfmba.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-5753ВодяноваМария АлександровнаVodyanovaMariya A.

Канд. биол. наук, учёный секретарь ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия

e-mail: MVodyanova@cspfmba.ru

PhD (Biology), scientific secretary of the Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation

e-mail: MVodyanova@cspfmba.ru

MVodyanova@cspfmba.ruФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияCentre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agencyRussian Federation2025191220251041114801485Copyright © Ахальцева Л.В., Юрченко В.В., Никитина Т.А., Мамонов Р.А., Водянова М.А., 20252025Ахальцева Л.В., Юрченко В.В., Никитина Т.А., Мамонов Р.А., Водянова М.А.Akhaltseva L.V., Yurchenko V.V., Nikitina T.A., Mamonov R.A., Vodyanova M.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5296Введение

Введение. Синтетические пищевые красители (ПК) обладают рядом преимуществ по сравнению с натуральными и всё шире используются при производстве лекарств и пищевой продукции, что усиливает внимание к безопасности их применения. Оценка безопасности ПК предполагает проверку на мутагенность в тестах in vitro и in vivo.

Цель работы ‒ определение мутагенной активности четырёх наиболее часто встречающихся в продуктах питания на отечественном рынке синтетических ПК из группы азокрасителей (ПаК).

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Мутагенную активность жёлтого «солнечный закат» FCF, тартразина, понсо 4R и азорубина оценивали в преинкубационном варианте теста Эймса на тестерных штаммах S. typhimurium ТА1535, ТА100, ТА98, ТА97, ТА102 в диапазоне доз 8‒5000 мкг/ч с добавлением в микросомальную активирующую смесь рибофлавина.

Результаты

Результаты. Не выявлено зависимости частоты ревертантных колоний от концентрации исследуемых красителей, а превышение среднего количества колоний на чашку в опытных вариантах над контрольным было менее двукратного, что говорит об отсутствии мутагенного эффекта изученных образцов ПаК.

Ограничение исследования

Ограничение исследования. Исследование ограничено изучением мутагенности образцов пищевых азокрасителей в одном тесте, учитывающем только генные мутации у бактерий.

Заключение

Заключение. Жёлтый «солнечный закат» FCF, тартразин, понсо 4R и азорубин не индуцировали генные мутации в тесте Эймса.

Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Ахальцева Л.В. – поиск, анализ данных литературы, постановка экспериментов, написание статьи; Юрченко В.В. – анализ данных литературы, редактирование статьи; Никитина Т.А. – поиск источников литературы, постановка экспериментов; Мамонов Р.А. – концепция исследования, редактирование статьи; Водянова М.А. – редактирование статьи. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания «Создание комплексной системы оценки генотоксичности пищевых добавок» ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России.

Поступила

Поступила: 29.05.2025 / Поступила после доработки: 01.07.2025 / Принята к печати: 15.10.2025 / Опубликована: 19.12.2025

Introduction

Introduction. Synthetic food dyes (FD) have a number of advantages over natural ones and are increasingly used in the production of preparations and food products, which in turn increases attention to the issue of their safety. The safety assessment of FD includes testing for mutagenicity in “in vitro” and “in vivo” tests.

The aim of the work

The aim of the work. To determine the mutagenic activity of the four most common synthetic FDs from the azo dyes (PaD) group in food products on the domestic market.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The mutagenic activity of Sunset Yellow FCF, Tartrazine, Ponceau 4R, and Azorubine was assessed in the preincubation version of the Ames test on test strains of S. typhimurium TA1535, TA100, TA98, TA97, TA102 in the dose range of 8–5000 µg/plate with the addition of riboflavin to the microsomal activating mixture.

Results

Results. No dependence of the frequency of revertant colonies on the concentration of the studied dyes was found, and the excess of the average number of colonies per dish in the experimental variants over the control was less than twofold, which indicates the absence of a mutagenic effect of the studied FaD samples.

Limitations

Limitations. The study is limited to examining the mutagenicity of food azo dye samples in a single test that takes into account gene mutations in bacteria.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Sunset Yellow FCF, Tartrazine, Ponceau 4R, and Azorubine did not induce gene mutations in the Ames test.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of a conclusion of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.

Contribution

Contribution: Akhaltseva L.V. – search, analysis of literature data, setting up experiments, writing the article; Yurchenko V.V. – analysis of literature data, editing the article; Nikitina T.A. – search for literature sources, setting up experiments; Mamonov R.A. – research concept, editing the article; Vodyanova M.A. – editing the article. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

Funding. The work was carried out within the framework of the state task «Complex system for assessing the genotoxicity of food additives» Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency.

Received

Received: May 29, 2025 / Revised: July 1, 2025 / Accepted: October 15, 2025 / Published: December 19, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.