<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-11-1533-1538</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">jsunga</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5305</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS OF HYGIENIC AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка эффективности очистки сточных вод от загрязнителей для нецелевого скрининга методом жидкостной хроматографии с тандемной масс-спектрометрией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of wastewater treatment efficiency for emerging contaminants for non-target screening by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8194-1536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрелецкий</surname><given-names>Алексей Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Streletskiy</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. хим. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. физико-химических исследований и экотоксикологии ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: AStreletsky@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Chemistry), senior researcher, Department of physico-chemical research and ecotoxicology, Center for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russia</p><p>e-mail: AStreletsky@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AStreletsky@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5290-3049</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филимонова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Игоревна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filimonova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Химик, отд. физико-химических исследований и экотоксикологии ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: EFilimonova@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chemist, Department of physico-chemical research and ecotoxicology, Center for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: EFilimonova@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">EFilimonova@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1533</fpage><lpage>1538</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стрелецкий А.В., Филимонова Е.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стрелецкий А.В., Филимонова Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Streletskiy A.V., Filimonova E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5305">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5305</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Современный экологический мониторинг требует эффективных методов выявления и идентификации новых потенциально опасных антропогенных загрязнителей, особенно не подлежащих стандартному контролю. Высокоэффективная жидкостная хроматография с тандемной масс-спектрометрией (ВЭЖХ-МС/МС) представляет собой перспективный инструмент для решения задач нецелевого скрининга микрозагрязнителей в водных объектах.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе применён подход нецелевого скрининга с использованием ВЭЖХ-МС/МС, который предполагает регистрацию масс-спектров основных компонентов в водных пробах (сточные воды до и после очистки, питьевая вода) и последующее сравнение экспериментальных спектров фрагментации с референтными базами данных (MassBank, NIST) с использованием алгоритмов спектрального сходства.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Метод нецелевого скрининга с использованием ВЭЖХ-МС/МС позволил выявить и предварительно идентифицировать в образцах сточных вод шесть органических соединений с различной степенью устойчивости к очистке. Наиболее устойчивыми оказались капролактам и 3-циклогексил-1,1-диметилмочевина с эффективностью удаления 40 и 31% соответственно, что указывает на их высокую стойкость к стандартным технологиям водоочистки. Эффективность очистки других найденных соединений, в том числе лаурилдиэтаноламида, достигала 93‒98%. Идентификация подтверждена сопоставлением экспериментальных спектров фрагментации с базами данных MassBank и NIST. Установлены вероятные источники образования и поступления этих загрязнителей, а также связанные с ними экологические риски.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Для окончательного подтверждения идентичности и точного количественного определения требуется дополнительный целевой анализ с аттестованными стандартами.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Доказана эффективность подхода нецелевого скрининга на основе жидкостной хроматографии с тандемной масс-спектрометрией при выявлении и предварительной идентификации новых потенциально опасных антропогенных загрязнителей в различных водных пробах. Ключевым результатом данной работы стала идентификация двух устойчивых органических соединений в сточных водах ‒ капролактама и 1-циклогексил-диметилмочевины, эффективность удаления которых была наименьшей.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Стрелецкий А.В. – сбор и обработка материала, выполнение экспериментальной работы, статистическая обработка, написание текста, редактирование; Филимонова Е.И. – сбор и обработка материала, выполнение экспериментальной работы. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование проведено в рамках темы госзадания («Мониторинг», «Индикатор риска 25‒27»).</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 15.08.2025 / Принята к печати: 03.11.2025 / Опубликована: 19.12.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Modern environmental monitoring requires effective methods for detecting and identifying new potentially hazardous anthropogenic contaminants, especially those not subject to standard control. High-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) is a promising tool for non-target screening of micropollutants in aquatic environments.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A non-target screening approach using HPLC-MS/MS was applied. This involved recording mass spectra of major components in water samples (wastewater before and after treatment, drinking water) followed by comparison of experimental fragmentation spectra with reference databases (MassBank, NIST) using spectral similarity algorithms.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The non-target screening method using HPLC-MS/MS enabled the detection and tentative identification of six organic compounds in wastewater samples with varying degrees of resistance to treatment. Caprolactam and 3-cyclohexyl-1,1-dimethylurea were found to be the most persistent, with removal efficiencies of 40% and 31%, respectively, indicating their high resistance to standard water treatment technologies. Other identified compounds, including lauryldiethanolamide, demonstrated removal efficiencies ranging from 93% to 98%. Identification was confirmed by matching experimental fragmentation spectra with MassBank and NIST databases. Probable sources of formation and discharge of these contaminants, along with associated environmental risks, were established.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. Final confirmation of identity and accurate quantification requires additional targeted analysis using certified reference standards.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The presented non-target screening approach based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry proved effective for detecting and tentatively identifying new potentially hazardous anthropogenic contaminants in various water samples. A key result of this work was the identification of two persistent organic compounds in wastewater – caprolactam and 3-cyclohexyl-1,1-dimethylurea – which exhibited the lowest removal efficiency.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the conclusion of the Biomedical Ethics Committee.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Streletskiy A.V. — the concept and design of the study, experimental work, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing a text; Filimonova E.I — experimental work, collection and processing of material. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The work was completed within the framework of the state task (“Monitoring”, “Chemical Indicators 25-27”).</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: August 15, 2025 / Accepted: November 3, 2025 / Published: December 19, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нецелевой скрининг</kwd><kwd>жидкостная хроматография</kwd><kwd>тандемная масс-спектрометрия</kwd><kwd>микрозагрязнители</kwd><kwd>сточные воды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-target screening</kwd><kwd>liquid chromatography</kwd><kwd>tandem mass spectrometry</kwd><kwd>micropollutants</kwd><kwd>wastewater</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bester K. Quantification with HPLC-MS/MS for environmental issues: quality assurance and quality assessment. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2008; 391(1): 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-1991-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bester K. Quantification with HPLC-MS/MS for environmental issues: quality assurance and quality assessment. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2008; 391(1): 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-1991-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гладилович В.Д., Подольская Е.П. Возможности применения метода ГХ-МС (обзор). Научное приборостроение. 2010; 20(4): 36–49. https://elibrary.ru/mzizkt</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gladilovich V.D., Podolskaya E.P. Applications of the method GC-MS. Nauchnoe priborostroenie. 2010; 20(4): 36–49. https://elibrary.ru/mzizkt (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stachniuk A., Fornal E. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the analysis of pesticide residues in food. Food Anal. Methods. 2016; 9(6): 1654–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0342-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stachniuk A., Fornal E. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the analysis of pesticide residues in food. Food Anal. Methods. 2016; 9(6): 1654–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0342-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Амелин В.Г., Андоралов А.М. Высокоэффективная жидкостная хроматография-времяпролетная масс-спектрометрия в идентификации и определении 111 пестицидов в пищевых продуктах, кормах, воде и почве. Журнал аналитической химии. 2016; 71(1): 85. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0044450215120038 https://elibrary.ru/uvespb</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amelin V.G., Andoralov A.M. High-performance liquid chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the identification and determination of 111 pesticides in food, feed, water, and soil. J. Anal. Chem. 2016; 71(1): 82–93. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934815120035 https://elibrary.ru/wrgfjf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parys W., Dołowy M., Pyka-Pająk A. Significance of chromatographic techniques in pharmaceutical analysis. Processes. 2022; 10(1): 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10010172</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parys W., Dołowy M., Pyka-Pająk A. Significance of chromatographic techniques in pharmaceutical analysis. Processes. 2022; 10(1): 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10010172</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shen Y., Wang L., Ding Y., Liu S., Li Y., Zhou Z., et al. Trends in the analysis and exploration of per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in environmental matrices: a review. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2024; 54(8): 3171–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2023.2231535</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shen Y., Wang L., Ding Y., Liu S., Li Y., Zhou Z., et al. Trends in the analysis and exploration of per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in environmental matrices: a review. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2024; 54(8): 3171–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2023.2231535</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Русских Я.В., Чернова Е.Н., Воякина Е.Ю., Никифоров В.В., Жаковская З.А. Определение цианотоксинов в водной матрице методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии – масс-спектрометрии высокого разрешения. Известия Санкт-Петербургского государственного технологического института (технического университета). 2012; (17): 061–6. https://elibrary.ru/pkzfep</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russkikh Ya.V., Chernova E.N., Voyakina E.Yu., Nikiforov V.V., Zhakovskaya Z.A. Determination of cyanotoxins in an aqueous matrix by high-performance liquid chromatography – high-resolution mass spectrometry. Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnologicheskogo instituta (Tekhnicheskogo Universiteta). 2012; (17): 061–6. https://elibrary.ru/pkzfep (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савельева Е.И., Ленинский М.А., Васильева И.А. Современные аналитические методы контроля химической безопасности. Обзор. Химическая безопасность. 2020; 4(1): 8–30. https://doi.org/10.25514/CHS.2020.1.17001 https://elibrary.ru/ighebr</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savelieva E.I., Leninskiy M.A., Vasilieva I.A. Modern analytical approaches for chemical safety control – a review. Khimicheskaya bezopasnost‘. 2020; 4(1): 8–30. https://doi.org/10.25514/CHS.2020.1.17001 https://elibrary.ru/ighebr (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramon D., Ibáñez M., Sancho J.V., Hernández F. Target and non-target screening strategies for organic contaminants, residues and illicit substances in food, environmental and human biological samples by UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Anal. Methods. 2012; 4(1): 196–209.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramon D., Ibáñez M., Sancho J.V., Hernández F. Target and non-target screening strategies for organic contaminants, residues and illicit substances in food, environmental and human biological samples by UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Anal. Methods. 2012; 4(1): 196–209.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мильман Б.Л., Журкович И.К. Современная практика нецелевого химического анализа. Журнал аналитической химии. 2022; 77(5): 412–26. https://elibrary.ru/pnqspf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milman B.L., Zhurkovich I.K. Present-day practice of non-target chemical analysis. J. Anal. Chem. 2022; 77(5): 537–49. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934822050070 https://elibrary.ru/qlsugm</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NIST 23 Mass Spectral Library, NIST 2023/2020/2017 Database. Agilent Format Available. Available at: https://sisweb.com/software/ms/nist.htm</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NIST 23 Mass Spectral Library, NIST 2023/2020/2017 Database. Agilent Format Available. Available at: https://sisweb.com/software/ms/nist.htm</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">mzCloud – Advanced Mass Spectral Database. Available at: https://mzcloud.org/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">mzCloud – Advanced Mass Spectral Database. Available at: https://mzcloud.org/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MassBank consortium and its contributors. MassBank/MassBank-data: Release version 2025.05.1. Zenodo; 2025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MassBank consortium and its contributors. MassBank/MassBank-data: Release version 2025.05.1. Zenodo; 2025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров А. Масс-спектрометрия на основе орбитальной ловушки ионов: достижения и перспективы. Аналитика. 2013; (5): 30–6. https://elibrary.ru/reavnt</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov A. Orbitrap mass spectrometry: achievements and outlook. Analitika. 2013; (5): 30–6. https://elibrary.ru/reavnt (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lai Y.H., Wang Y.S. Advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques for analysis of high mass-to-charge ions. Mass. Spectrom. Rev. 2023; 42(6): 2426–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21790</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lai Y.H., Wang Y.S. Advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques for analysis of high mass-to-charge ions. Mass. Spectrom. Rev. 2023; 42(6): 2426–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21790</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoang C., Uritboonthai W., Hoang L., Billings E.M., Aisporna A., Nia F.A., et al. Tandem mass spectrometry across platforms. Anal. Chem. 2024; 96(14): 5478–88. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05576</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoang C., Uritboonthai W., Hoang L., Billings E.M., Aisporna A., Nia F.A., et al. Tandem mass spectrometry across platforms. Anal. Chem. 2024; 96(14): 5478–88. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05576</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rakusanova S., Cajka T. Tips and tricks for LC–MS-based metabolomics and lipidomics analysis. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 2024; 180: 117940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2024.117940</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakusanova S., Cajka T. Tips and tricks for LC–MS-based metabolomics and lipidomics analysis. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 2024; 180: 117940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2024.117940</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kind T., Tsugawa H., Cajka T., Ma Y., Lai Z., Mehta S.S., et al. Identification of small molecules using accurate mass MS/MS search. Mass. Spectrom. Rev. 2018; 37(4): 513–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21535</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kind T., Tsugawa H., Cajka T., Ma Y., Lai Z., Mehta S.S., et al. Identification of small molecules using accurate mass MS/MS search. Mass. Spectrom. Rev. 2018; 37(4): 513–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21535</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шефтелъ В.О. Токсикология капролактама – загрязнителя воды и пищи (обзор). Гигиена и санитария. 1990; 69(10): 33–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheftel V.O. Toxicology of caprolactam – water and food pollutant (review). Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 1990; 69(10): 33–4. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seiwert B., Klöckner P., Wagner S., Reemtsma T. Source-related smart suspect screening in the aqueous environment: search for tire-derived persistent and mobile trace organic contaminants in surface waters. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2020; 412(20): 4909–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02653-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seiwert B., Klöckner P., Wagner S., Reemtsma T. Source-related smart suspect screening in the aqueous environment: search for tire-derived persistent and mobile trace organic contaminants in surface waters. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2020; 412(20): 4909–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02653-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Hoogh C.J., Wagenvoort A.J., Jonker F., Van Leerdam J.A., Hogenboom A.C. HPLC-DAD and Q-TOF MS techniques identify cause of Daphnia biomonitor alarms in the River Meuse. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006; 40(8): 2678–85. https://doi.org/10.1021/es052035a</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Hoogh C.J., Wagenvoort A.J., Jonker F., Van Leerdam J.A., Hogenboom A.C. HPLC-DAD and Q-TOF MS techniques identify cause of Daphnia biomonitor alarms in the River Meuse. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006; 40(8): 2678–85. https://doi.org/10.1021/es052035a</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benfenati E., Porazzi E., Bagnati R., Forner F., Pardo Martinez M., Mariani G., et al. Organic tracers identification as a convenient strategy in industrial landfills monitoring. Chemosphere. 2003; 51(8): 677–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00050-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benfenati E., Porazzi E., Bagnati R., Forner F., Pardo Martinez M., Mariani G., et al. Organic tracers identification as a convenient strategy in industrial landfills monitoring. Chemosphere. 2003; 51(8): 677–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00050-X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi Z.Q., Liu Y.S., Xiong Q., Cai W.W., Ying G.G. Occurrence, toxicity and transformation of six typical benzotriazoles in the environment: A review. Sci. Total. Environ. 2019; 661: 407–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.138</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi Z.Q., Liu Y.S., Xiong Q., Cai W.W., Ying G.G. Occurrence, toxicity and transformation of six typical benzotriazoles in the environment: A review. Sci. Total. Environ. 2019; 661: 407–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.138</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rani R., Kumar D. Recent advances in degradation of N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide (DEET)-an emerging environmental contaminant: a review. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2024; 196(3): 238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12414-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rani R., Kumar D. Recent advances in degradation of N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide (DEET)-an emerging environmental contaminant: a review. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2024; 196(3): 238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12414-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arvaniti O., Georgios G., Nika M.C., Gyparakis S., Manios T., Thomaidis N.S., et al. Study on the occurrence of artificial sweeteners, parabens, and other emerging contaminants in hospital wastewater using LC-QToF-MS target screening approach. Water. 2023; 15(5): 936. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15050936</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arvaniti O., Georgios G., Nika M.C., Gyparakis S., Manios T., Thomaidis N.S., et al. Study on the occurrence of artificial sweeteners, parabens, and other emerging contaminants in hospital wastewater using LC-QToF-MS target screening approach. Water. 2023; 15(5): 936. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15050936</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu J., Hao Y., Yang Z., Li W., Xie W., Huang Y., et al. Rubber antioxidants and their transformation products: environmental occurrence and potential impact. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022; 19(21):14595. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19211459</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu J., Hao Y., Yang Z., Li W., Xie W., Huang Y., et al. Rubber antioxidants and their transformation products: environmental occurrence and potential impact. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022; 19(21):14595. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114595</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
