medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-11-1549-1553hskznrmedlit-5308Research ArticleПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕPREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATIONИсследование цитотоксичности экстракта торфяного дыма на культуре клеток 3T3-SV40Evaluation of cytotoxicity of peat smoke extract on 3T3-SV40 cell culturehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9406-5424АбрамоваВера АлександровнаAbramovaVera A.

Канд. фарм. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665827, Ангарск, Россия

e-mail: tyutrina.v.a@yandex.ru

PhD (Pharmacology), senior researcher, Laboratory of biomodelling and translational medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation

e-mail: tyutrina.v.a@yandex.ru

tyutrina.v.a@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8165-8052ВокинаВера АлександровнаVokinaVera A.

Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665827, Ангарск, Россия

e-mail: vokina.vera@gmail.com

PhD (Biology), senior researcher, Laboratory of biomodelling and translational medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation

e-mail: vokina.vera@gmail.com

vokina.vera@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1052-4601СоседоваЛариса МихайловнаSosedovaLarisa M.

Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. лаб. биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ, 665827, Ангарск, Россия

e-mail: sosedlar@mail.ru

DSc (Medicine), professor, head, Laboratory of biomodelling and translational medicine, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation

e-mail: sosedlar@mail.ru

sosedlar@mail.ruФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»РоссияEast-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological ResearchRussian Federation2025201220251041115491553Copyright © Абрамова В.А., Вокина В.А., Соседова Л.М., 20252025Абрамова В.А., Вокина В.А., Соседова Л.М.Abramova V.A., Vokina V.A., Sosedova L.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5308Введение

Введение. В последние десятилетия природные пожары происходят чаще и с большей интенсивностью, однако механизмы цитотоксического действия дыма на клеточном уровне изучены недостаточно. Определение цитотоксичности экстракта торфяного дыма (ЭТД) на фибробластах служит адекватной моделью для изучения острых и хронических эффектов его воздействия.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Оценка цитотоксичности торфяного дыма проведена в серии экспериментов in vitro с использованием ЭТД в восьми разведениях (содержание компонентов дыма 12,5; 25; 37,5; 50; 62,5; 75; 87,5 и 100%) на эмбриональных мышиных фибробластах 3T3-SV40. Цитотоксическое действие оценивали после 24-часовой инкубации по концентрации лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ) в культуральной среде и с помощью метилтетразолиевого теста (МТТ), представлена морфологическая оценка клеток.

Результаты

Результаты. Установлено, что ЭТД приводит в первую очередь к снижению метаболической активности фибробластов, о чём свидетельствует более низкая средняя ингибирующая концентрация (IC50) (53,6%), рассчитанная по МТТ-тесту. При оценке цитотоксического эффекта ЭТД в ЛДГ-тесте наблюдалось резкое снижение жизнеспособности клеток при концентрации более 62,5%, величина IC50 в данном тесте составила 57,7%. Воздействие ЭТД в концентрациях 37,5% и более приводит к морфологическим изменениям: нарушается целостность монослоя, появляются фибробласты с признаками дистрофии, зернистостью цитоплазмы, а также отдельные фра гментированные фибробласты, определяются зоны деструкции и лизиса клеток.

Ограничения исследования

Ограничения исследования. Исследование ограничено изучением цитотоксичности ЭТД на культуре клеток 3T3-SV40 с помощью морфологической оценки, МТТ-теста и определения концентрации ЛДГ.

Заключение

Заключение. Дана оценка воздействия торфяного дыма на фибробласты in vitro, что позволило установить первичную токсикологическую характеристику ЭТД.

Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено локальным этическим комитетом ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ (протокол № 7 от 15.12.2023 г.), проведено в соответствии с Европейской конвенцией о защите позвоночных животных, используемых для экспериментов или в иных научных целях (ETS N 123), директивой Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского союза 2010/63/EC от 22.09.2010 г. о защите животных, использующихся для научных целей.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Абрамова В.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка данных, статистическая обработка, написание текста, редактирование; Вокина В.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка данных, статистическая обработка, написание текста; Соседова Л.М. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Работа выполнена по плану НИР в рамках государственного задания.

Поступила

Поступила: 20.07.2025 / Поступила после доработки: 03.10.2025 / Принята к печати: 15.10.2025 / Опубликована: 19.12.2025

Introduction

Introduction. In recent decades, wildfires have become more frequent and intense in many fire-prone areas. However, the mechanisms of smoke cytotoxicity at the cellular level are poorly understood. The study of peat smoke extract (PSE) cytotoxicity in fibroblasts is an important model for studying the acute and chronic effects of smoke exposure.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The cytotoxicity of peat smoke was assessed in a series of in vitro experiments using PSE in 8 dilutions (12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5 and 100%) on 3T3-SV forty mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The cytotoxic effect was assessed after 24-hour incubation by determining the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the culture medium and performing the MTT test; a morphological assessment of the cells was given.

Results

Results. The results of the study indicate that PSE primarily leads to a decrease in the metabolic activity in fibroblasts, as evidenced by a lower value of the mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) (53.6%) calculated by the MTT test. When assessing the cytotoxic effect of PSE in the LDH test, a sharp decrease in cell viability was observed at its concentration above 62.5%, the IC50 value in this test was 57.7%.

Limitations

Limitations. The study is limited to the investigation of the cytotoxicity of PSE on the 3T3-SV 40 cell culture using morphological assessment, MTT test and determination of LDH concentration.

Conclusion

Conclusion. As a result of the conducted studies, an assessment of the impact of peat smoke on fibroblasts in vitro was carried out, with the help of which a primary toxicological characteristic of PSE was given.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research (Protocol No.7 of 12/15/2023), conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or for Other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123), Directive 2010/63/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 09/22/2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.

Contribution

Contribution: Abramova V.A. – concept and design of research, data collection and processing, statistical data processing, text writing, editing; Vokina V.A. – concept and design of research, data collection and processing, statistical data processing, text writing; Sosedova L.M. – concept and design of research, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

Funding. The work was carried out according to the research plan within the framework of the state task.

Received

Received: July 20, 2025 / Revised: October 3, 2025 / Accepted: October 15, 2025 / Published: December 19, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.