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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-12-1582-1588</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">jqrjsc</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5326</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Научно-практическое значение расширенного микробиологического анализа плавающих взвесей (биоплёнок) в упакованной минеральной природной столовой питьевой воде</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific and practical significance of extended microbiological analysis of floating suspensions (biofilms) in packaged natural mineral table drinking water</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-8382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Анна Венидиктовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, начальник отд. гигиены, ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: AAlekseeva@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), head, Department of hygiene, Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: AAlekseeva@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AAlekseeva@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4772-9686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загайнова</surname><given-names>Анжелика Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagainova</surname><given-names>Angelica V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, зав. лаб. микробиологии и паразитологии ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: AZagaynova@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Вiology), head, Laboratory of microbiology and parasitology, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: AZagaynova@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AZagaynova@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2067-8014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахманин</surname><given-names>Юрий Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhmanin</surname><given-names>Yuriy A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, гл. науч. сотр. ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: awme@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, academician of the RAS, chief scientific adviser, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: awme@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">awme@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3152-4862</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбатова</surname><given-names>Ирина Валентиновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbatova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ст. науч. сотр. лаб. микробиологии и паразитологии ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: IKurbatova@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior researcher, Laboratory of microbiology and parasitology, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: IKurbatova@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">IKurbatova@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6628-4689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравченко</surname><given-names>Екатерина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravchenko</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Биолог лаб. микробиологии и паразитологии ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: EKravchenko@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Biologist, Laboratory of microbiology and parasitology, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: EKravchenko@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">EKravchenko@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3754-009X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Русаков</surname><given-names>Николай Васильевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rusakov</surname><given-names>Nikolay V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, вед. специалист ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: awme@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, academician of the RAS, leading specialist, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: awme@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">awme@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды имени А.Н. Сысина ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene named after A.N. Sysin, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды имени А.Н. Сысина ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства; ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene named after A.N. Sysin, Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency of Russia; Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1582</fpage><lpage>1588</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алексеева А.В., Загайнова А.В., Рахманин Ю.А., Курбатова И.В., Кравченко Е.С., Русаков Н.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеева А.В., Загайнова А.В., Рахманин Ю.А., Курбатова И.В., Кравченко Е.С., Русаков Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseeva A.V., Zagainova A.V., Rakhmanin Y.A., Kurbatova I.V., Kravchenko E.S., Rusakov N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5326">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5326</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Проблема биоплёнок в системах питьевого водоснабжения хорошо изучена, однако их наличие в бутилированной воде требует дополнительного внимания.</p><p>Цель исследования – оценка микробиологического состава и потенциального риска прозрачных взвесей (осадка), обнаруженных в бутилированной минеральной природной столовой негазированной питьевой воде.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено комплексное санитарно-микробиологическое исследование воды. Стандартный анализ на соответствие требованиям ТР ЕАЭС 044/2017* включал определение нормируемых показателей (ОМЧ, БГКП, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, энтерококки) по ГОСТ 34786–2021. Для анализа взвесей использованы методы концентрирования больших объёмов воды (1 и 3 дм³) путём центрифугирования и мембранной фильтрации с последующим посевом на питательные среды (МПА, среда Эндо, Сабуро, Br, MRS) прямым методом и через тиогликолевую среду накопления. Видовая идентификация всех выросших колоний выполнена методом времяпролётной масс-спектрометрии (MALDI-TOF MS). Дополнительно проводили исследования на колифаги и паразитологические объекты.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Стандартный анализ 250 см³ воды не выявил E. coli, БГКП и других нормируемых патогенов. Зафиксировано превышение норматива по ОМЧ при температуре плюс 22 °C в два раза (289 КОЕ/см³), однако в данном случае это исследование в соответствии с ТР ЕАЭС 044/2017 не требовалось проводить. После концентрирования 1 и 3 дм³ воды в составе взвесей идентифицированы разнообразные микроорганизмы, в том числе Escherichia coli, Kocuria rhizophila, Micrococcus luteus, Aquabacterium parvum, Microbacterium testaceum, а также грибы Aspergillus fumigatus и Syncephalastrum racemosum. Колифаги и паразитарные объекты не обнаружены.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование проведено однократно на одной партии бутилированной минеральной природной питьевой воды. Необходимо выполнить аналогичные исследования биоплёнок другого состава для подтверждения правильности выработанной тактики.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты демонстрируют, что стандартных методов контроля, основанных на анализе малых объёмов (до 250 см³), может быть недостаточно для выявления микробиологической контаминации, присутствующей в виде локальных скоплений (взвесей или биоплёнок) в бутилированной воде. Обнаружение E. coli после концентрирования указывает на фекальное загрязнение и потенциальный эпидемиологический риск. Полученные данные обосновывают необходимость разработки и внедрения расширенных протоколов контроля с концентрированием репрезентативных объёмов воды и использованием сред накопления для обеспечения безопасности упакованной питьевой воды.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Алексеева А.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи и ответственность за целостность всех её частей; Загайнова А.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование; Рахманин Ю.А., Русаков Н.В. – редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи; Курбатова И.В., Кравченко К.С. – сбор материала и обработка данных.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование осуществлено в рамках государственного задания.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 11.06.2025 / Поступила после доработки: 27.11.2025 / Принята к печати: 02.12.2025 / Опубликована: 15.01.2026</p><p>* ТР ЕАЭС 044/2017 Технический регламент Евразийского экономического союза «О безопасности упакованной питьевой воды, включая природную минеральную воду», принят решением Совета Евразийской экономической комиссии от 23 июня 2017 года № 45.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The problem of biofilms in drinking water supply systems is well-studied; however, their presence in bottled water requires additional attention. </p><p>The aim of the study was to assess the microbiological composition and potential risk of transparent suspensions (sediment) found in bottled natural mineral table non-carbonated drinking water.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A comprehensive sanitary-microbiological study of the water was conducted. The standard analysis for compliance with the requirements of TR EAEU 044/2017 included the determination of standardized indicators (TVC, Coliform bacteria, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, enterococci) according to GOST 34786–2021. For the analysis of suspensions, there were used methods of concentrating large volumes of water (1 and 3 dm³) by centrifugation and membrane filtration followed by inoculation onto nutrient media (Nutrient Agar, Endo Agar, Sabouraud Agar, Brolacin agar, MRS agar) by the direct method and via thioglycolate enrichment broth. Species identification of all grown colonies was performed using time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Additional studies for coliphages and parasitological objects were also conducted.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A standard analysis of two hundred fifty cm³ of water did not detect E. coli, coliform bacteria (BGKP), or other regulated pathogens. An excess of the standard for total microbial count (TMC) at 22 °C by a factor of 2 (289 CFU/cm³) was recorded; however, according to TR EAEU 044/2017, this test was not required in this case. After concentrating 1 and 3 dm³ of water, diverse microorganisms were identified in the suspended solids, including Escherichia coli, Kocuria rhizophila, Micrococcus luteus, Aquabacterium parvum, Microbacterium testaceum, as well as the fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Syncephalastrum racemosum. Coliphages and parasitic objects were not detected.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study was conducted once on one batch of bottled natural mineral drinking water. It is necessary to conduct a series of similar studies on biofilms of a different composition to confirm the correctness of the developed tactics.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results demonstrate that standard control methods based on the analysis of small volumes (up to 250 cm³) may be insufficient to detect microbiological contamination present as local aggregates (suspensions or biofilms) in bottled water. The detection of E. coli after concentration indicates fecal contamination and a potential epidemiological risk. The obtained data justify the need to develop and implement extended control protocols, including the concentration of representative water volumes and use of enrichment media, to ensure the safety of packaged drinking water.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the conclusion of the Biomedical Ethics Committee. </p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Alekseeva A.V. – study concept and design, writing the text, collecting material and processing data, editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; Zagaynova A.V. – study concept and design, editing; Rakhmanin Yu.A., Rusakov N.V. – editing, approval of the final version of the article; Kurbatova I.V., Kravchenko K.S. – collecting material and processing data.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: June 6, 2025 / Revised: November 27, 2025 / Accepted: December 2, 2025 / Published: January 15, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>водоснабжение</kwd><kwd>биообрастание</kwd><kwd>биоплёнки</kwd><kwd>микробиологический анализ</kwd><kwd>идентификация микроорганизмов</kwd><kwd>Escherichia coli</kwd><kwd>безопасность питьевой воды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>water supply</kwd><kwd>biofouling</kwd><kwd>biofilms</kwd><kwd>microbiological analysis</kwd><kwd>microbial identification</kwd><kwd>Escherichia coli</kwd><kwd>drinking water safety</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flemming H.C., Wingender J., Szewzyk U., Steinberg P., Rice S.A., Kjelleberg S. Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life. Nat. Rev. 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