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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-12-1618-1626</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">wxkoam</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5333</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биохимические и иммунологические индикаторы чувствительности людей к запахам в модельных ольфактометрических исследованиях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biochemical and immunological indicators of human sensitivity to odors in model olfactometric studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0170-3085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хрипач</surname><given-names>Людмила Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khripach</surname><given-names>Lyudmila V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: LKhripach@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), leading researcher; employee of the Department of preventive toxicology and biomedical research of the Center for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: LKhripach@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">LKhripach@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5279-5018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazeva</surname><given-names>Tatiana D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, вед. биолог, сотр. отд. профилактической токсикологии и медико-биологических исследований ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), leading biologist; researcher, Department of preventive toxicology and biomedical research, Center for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5834-678X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрюшин</surname><given-names>Илья Борисович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andryushin</surname><given-names>Ilya B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инженер АО «Микрон», 124460, Москва, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Engineer, AO “Micron”, Moscow, 124460, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4319-7192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бударина</surname><given-names>Ольга Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budarina</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, гл. науч. сотр. отд. анализа риска здоровью населения ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), chief researcher, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Микрон»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>AO “Micron”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1618</fpage><lpage>1626</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хрипач Л.В., Князева Т.Д., Андрюшин И.Б., Бударина О.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хрипач Л.В., Князева Т.Д., Андрюшин И.Б., Бударина О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khripach L.V., Knyazeva T.D., Andryushin I.B., Budarina O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5333">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5333</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Метод динамической ольфактометрии с участием команды людей-панелистов был разработан для количественной оценки концентрации запаха в натурных пробах атмосферного воздуха и модельных образцах.</p><p>Цель работы – в модельном ольфактометрическом исследовании выбросов предприятий пищевой промышленности оценить информативность биохимических и иммунологических показателей слюны как возможных маркёров остроты обоняния человека.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Экспериментальная часть работы построена на использовании ольфактометра ECOMA T08, трёх пищевых одорантов с запахами апельсина, коньяка и кофе, стандартных методов оценки цитокинов ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-6, ИЛ-8, sIgA, NAG, α-амилазы и интенсивности ЛЗХЛ в пробах смешанной слюны. К исследованию были привлечены десять прошедших тестирование по н-бутанолу панелистов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разработан алгоритм предобработки ольфактометрических данных, оптимальный для корреляционного анализа с молекулярными показателями слюны. Показано, что среди семи изученных маркёров слюны есть только один, ассоциированный с остротой обоняния человека в корреляционном тесте Спирмена: содержание ИЛ-8 (R = –0,392; p = 0,032 с порогами ощущения запаха и близкие к достоверным положительные связи с его воспринимаемой интенсивностью в объединённой матрице данных; N = 30). Расположение экспериментальных точек на соответствующих графиках позволяет предположить, что у здоровых людей с более острым обонянием имеются более гибкие механизмы выброса ИЛ-8 в ответ на провоцирующие изменения в составе микрофлоры полости рта, что ведёт к быстрому привлечению нейтрофилов из крови, снижению бактериальной колонизации и более эффективному связыванию молекул одоранта с обонятельными рецепторами в надэпителиальном мукозном слое.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Небольшие размеры выборок, хотя и соответствующие практическим целям Европейского стандарта EN 13725.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Метод динамической ольфактометрии, созданный как практический инструмент для оценки концентрации запаха в атмосферном воздухе, может также использоваться для изучения молекулярных механизмов обоняния.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. На проведение исследований было получено согласие локального этического комитета ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России (протокол № 3 от 17.08.2020 г.). Все участники дали информированное добровольное письменное согласие на участие в исследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Хрипач Л.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, определение биохимических и иммунологических показателей, написание текста; Князева Т.Д. – определение биохимических и иммунологических показателей; Андрюшин И.Б. – проведение ольфактометрии; Бударина О.В. – концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование проведено в рамках выполнения Госзадания ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 16.10.2025 / Поступила после доработки: 19.11.2025 / Принята к печати: 02.12.2025 / Опубликована: 15.01.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Dynamic olfactometry, with participation of a team of human panelists as sensors, was developed to quantify odor concentrations in samples of atmospheric air and model mixtures.</p><p>The aim of the work is to evaluate the informativity of a number of salivary biochemical and immunological parameters as possible markers of human olfactory acuity in model olfactometric study of emissions from food industry enterprises.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Experimental study is based on the use of ECOMA T08 olfactometer, three food odorants with odors of orange, cognac and coffee, 10 panelists tested with n-butanol, standard methods for assessing cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, sIgA, NAG, α-amylase, intensity of luminol-enchanced chemiluminescence in the samples of mixed saliva of the participants</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. An algorithm has been developed for the preprocessing of olfactometric data, optimal for their correlation analysis with saliva molecular parameters. Among 7 saliva markers under study, there is shown only one to be associated with human olfactory acuity in Spearman’s correlation test – IL-8 content (R= −0.392; p=0.032 with odor thresholds and close to reliable positive associations with perceived odor intensity in combined data matrix, N=30). Peculiarities of the scatterplot «odor thresholds/IL-8» suggest healthy persons with a sharper sense of smell to have more flexible mechanisms for releasing IL-8 in response to provoking changes in oral microbes, and this chemotactic signal, in turn, leads to timely attraction of blood neutrophils, reducing bacterial colonization and thickness of supraepithelial mucus, and so to more efficient binding of odorant molecules with olfactory receptors.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. Small sample sizes, although they correspond to the practical purposes of the European standard EN 13725.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that dynamic olfactometry, created as a practical tool for assessing odor concentrations in atmospheric air, can also be used to study the molecular mechanisms of olfaction.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The consent of the Local Ethics Committee of the Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency of Russia was obtained for conducting of the research involving human participants (Protocol No. 3 of 08/17/2020). All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions: Khripach L.V. – research concept and design, biochemical and ELISA assays, writing the article; Knyazeva T.D. – biochemical and ELISA assays; Andryushin I.B. – olfactometry; Budarina O.V. – research concept and design, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: October 16, 2025 / Revised: November 11, 2025 / Accepted: December 2, 2025 / Published: January 15, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>динамическая ольфактометрия</kwd><kwd>пищевые ароматизаторы</kwd><kwd>смешанная слюна</kwd><kwd>интерлейкины</kwd><kwd>N-ацетилглюкозаминидаза</kwd><kwd>α-амилаза</kwd><kwd>люминол-зависимая хемилюминесценция</kwd><kwd>секреторный IgA</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>olfactometry</kwd><kwd>food odorants</kwd><kwd>mixed saliva</kwd><kwd>interleukins</kwd><kwd>N-acetyl glucosaminidase</kwd><kwd>α-amylase</kwd><kwd>luminol-enchanced chemiluminescence</kwd><kwd>sIgA</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moskowitz H.R., Dravnieks A., Klarman L.A. Odor intensity and pleasantness for a diverse set of odorants. 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