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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-12-1721-1726</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ptnnbg</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5347</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунный и генетический статус детей, проживающих в условиях аэрогенной экспозиции никелем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immune and genetic status in children residing in conditions of airogenic exposure to nickel</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0170-1824</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дианова</surname><given-names>Дина Гумяровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dianova</surname><given-names>Dina G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: dianovadina@rambler.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), senior researcher, Department of immunobiological diagnostic Methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: dianovadina@rambler.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dianovadina@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-3145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgih</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. отд. иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: oleg@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), head, Department of immunobiological diagnostic methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: oleg@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleg@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-3930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакова</surname><given-names>Ольга Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, зав. лаб. иммуногенетики отд. иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: chakina2011@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), head, Laboratory of immunogenetics of the Department of immunobiological diagnostic methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: chakina2011@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chakina2011@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7166-2448</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширинкина</surname><given-names>Алиса Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirinkina</surname><given-names>Alisa S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. лаб. иммуногенетики отд. иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: shirinkina.ali@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Laboratory of immunogenetics, Department of immunobiological diagnostic methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: shirinkina.ali@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shirinkina.ali@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1721</fpage><lpage>1726</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дианова Д.Г., Долгих О.В., Казакова О.А., Ширинкина А.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дианова Д.Г., Долгих О.В., Казакова О.А., Ширинкина А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dianova D.G., Dolgih O.V., Kazakova O.A., Shirinkina A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5347">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5347</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Оценка воздействия на детский организм химических факторов, ассоциированных с особенностями точечных однонуклеотидных замен в генах детоксикации, – актуальная гигиеническая задача.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследованы дети группы наблюдения (n = 44), проживающие в условиях аэрогенной экспозиции никелем (1,28 ПДКс.г.) и дети группы сравнения (n = 45), проживающие на условно чистой территории (менее 0,1 ПДКс.г.). В работе использованы методы: масс-спектрометрия, иммуноферментный, аллергосорбентный, проточной цитометрии и ПЦР РВ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Ингаляционная экспозиция никелем (до 1,28 ПДКс.г.) при поступлении его в дозе 0,00207 мг/кг в день обусловливает повышение уровня контаминации крови детей группы наблюдения относительно группы сравнения в 1,73 раза. У детей группы наблюдения установлено статистически значимое (p &lt; 0,05) повышение количества CD4+CD25+CD127–-регуляторных клеток (в 1,5 раза), концентрации кортизола (в 1,7 раза), уровня специфических IgE-антител к никелю (1,3 раза) и увеличение числа CD4+-лимфоцитов (на 10%) относительно значений у детей группы сравнения. Выявлен полиморфизм генов, контролирующих процессы детоксикации и апоптоза, – CYP1A1, GSTP1, TP53 и CPOX (RR = 1,39–1,96) (RR = 1,96, 95% CI 1,79–2,12; RR = 1,61, 95% CI 1,31–1,97; RR = 1,39, 95% CI 1,05–2,02 и RR = 1,76, 95% CI 1,53–2,01 соответственно). По результатам моделирования в системе «маркёр экспозиции – маркёр эффекта» установлена зависимость, отражающая гиперпродукцию IgE, специфического к никелю, IgE общего и кортизола в присутствии никеля в крови (RR = 2,42, 95% CI = 1,37–4,27; RR = 2,39, 95% CI = 1,54–3,79; RR = 4,60, 95% CI = 1,05–20,11 соответственно).</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Ограничения исследования связаны с относительно небольшим объёмом выборки и несбалансированностью групп детей по половому признаку, что требует проведения дополнительных исследований для верификации полученных результатов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У детей в условиях аэрогенной экспозиции никелем (1,28 ПДКс.г.) и полиморфизма кандидатных генов апоптоза и детоксикации (CYP1A1, GSTP1, TP53, CPOX) формируется риск (RR = 1,39–1,96) избыточной биоэкспозиции никелем (в 2,6 раза), отражающийся на особенностях иммунорегуляции (супрессивная и хелперная активность клеточных кластеров, гиперсенсибилизация к никелю – IgE) и адаптации (гиперкортизолемия), что позволяет рекомендовать верифицированные показатели как маркёры эффекта и чувствительности для снижения риска развития аллергических состояний у детей, проживающих в регионах с негативными изменениями среды обитания (на примере соединений никеля).</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Протокол исследования одобрен комитетом по биомедицинской этике «Локальный этический комитет ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН» (протокол № 7 от 19.12.2022 г.). Все участники и их законные представители дали информированное добровольное письменное согласие на участие в исследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Дианова Д.Г. – концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста; Долгих О.В. – концепция исследования, анализ и интерпретация данных, редактирование; Казакова О.А., Ширинкина А.С. – сбор и обработка данных, составление таблиц. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи и ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 24.09.2025 / Принята к печати: 02.12.2025 / Опубликована: 15.01.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. It is quite relevant to assess effects produced on children by chemical factors (exemplified by nickel) associated with specific point single nucleotide replacements in detoxification genes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. Children in the observation group (n=44) are exposed to airborne nickel amounting to 1.28 average annual MPC; children in the reference group (n=45) live in a “relatively clean” area (lower than 0.1 average daily MPC). The study relied on using mass spectrometry, enzyme-linked immune assay, allergosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Inhalation exposure to nickel (up to 1.28 average daily MPC) at a dose of 0.00207 mg/kg per day resulted in a 1.73-fold increase in blood contamination in children in the observation group compared to the reference group. In the observation group, a statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in the number of CD4+CD25+CD127–-regulatory cells (by 1.5 times), cortisol concentration (by 1.7 times), the level of specific IgE antibodies to nickel (1.3 times) and an increase in the number of CD4+ lymphocytes (by 10%) were found relative to the values obtained in the reference group; polymorphism of genes controlling detoxification and apoptosis processes was identified – CYP1A1, GSTP1, TP53 and CPOX (RR=1.39–1.96) (RR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.79–2.12; RR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.31–1.97; RR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.05–2.02 and RR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.53–2.01, respectively). Based on the results of modeling using the “exposure marker – effect marker” system, there was established a relationship reflecting the hyperproduction of nickel-specific IgE, total IgE, and cortisol when nickel was present in blood (RR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.37–4.27; RR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.54–3.79; RR = 4.60, 95% CI: 1.05–20.11, respectively).</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study limitations include a limited sample size in the examined children groups and sex-related imbalances; this requires additional research to verify the findings.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Therefore, children exposed to airborne nickel (1.28 average daily MPC) and with polymorphism of candidate apoptosis and detoxification genes (CYP1A1, GSTP1, TP53, CPOX) face a risk (RR=1.39–1.96) of excessive nickel bioexposure (2.6 times higher). This affects on immune regulation (suppressive and helper activity of cell clusters, nickel hypersensitivity – IgE), and adaptation (hypercortisolemia). So, we can recommend verified indicators as markers of effect and sensitivity for preventing allergic diseases in children living in environments destabilized by pollutants (using nickel compounds as an example).</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, meeting report No. 7 dated December 19, 2022. All participants and their legal representatives gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Dianova D.G. – concept and design of the study, writing text; Dolgikh O.V. – concept of the study, data analysis and interpretation, editing; Kazakova O.A., Shirinkina A.S. – data collection and processing, and creating tables. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: September 24, 2025 / Accepted: December 2, 2025 / Published: January 15, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>никель</kwd><kwd>биоэкспозиция</kwd><kwd>маркёры эффекта и чувствительности</kwd><kwd>специфический к никелю IgЕ</kwd><kwd>гены детоксикации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nickel</kwd><kwd>bioexposure</kwd><kwd>markers of effect and sensitivity</kwd><kwd>nickel-specific IgE</kwd><kwd>detoxification genes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gates A., Jakubowski J.A., Regina A.C. Nickel Toxicology. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gates A., Jakubowski J.A., Regina A.C. Nickel Toxicology. 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