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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2025-104-12-1772-1778</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ibnkwh</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5355</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS OF HYGIENIC AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение ацетальдегида в почве методом газовой хроматографии с пламенно-ионизационным детектором в сочетании со статическим парофазным анализом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determination of acetaldehyde in soil by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector in combination with static headspace analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-3161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Некрасова</surname><given-names>Лариса Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nekrasova</surname><given-names>Larisa P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. хим. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отд. физико-химических исследований и экотоксикологии ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: LNekrasova@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Chemistry), leading researcher, Department of physicochemical research and ecotoxicology, Center for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: LNekrasova@cspmz.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">LNekrasova@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4406-4287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сбитнев</surname><given-names>Антон Владиславович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sbitnev</surname><given-names>Anton V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отд. физико-химических исследований и экотоксикологии ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ASbitnev@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of physicochemical research and ecotoxicology, Center for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ASbitnev@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ASbitnev@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5290-3049</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филимонова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Игоревна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filimonova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Химик отд. физико-химических исследований и экотоксикологии ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: EFilimonova@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chemist, Department of physicochemical research and ecotoxicology, Center for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: EFilimonova@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">EFilimonova@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0934-7641</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулешова</surname><given-names>Оксана Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuleshova</surname><given-names>Oksana Ju.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вед. специалист отд. физико-химических исследований и экотоксикологии ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: OKuleshova@cspmz.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading specialist, Department of physicochemical research and ecotoxicology, Center for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: OKuleshova@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">OKuleshova@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-5753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Водянова</surname><given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vodianova</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, учёный секретарь ФГБУ «ЦСП» ФМБА России, 119121, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: MVodyanova@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), scientific secretary, Center for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: MVodyanova@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">MVodyanova@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1772</fpage><lpage>1778</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Некрасова Л.П., Сбитнев А.В., Филимонова Е.И., Кулешова О.Ю., Водянова М.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Некрасова Л.П., Сбитнев А.В., Филимонова Е.И., Кулешова О.Ю., Водянова М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nekrasova L.P., Sbitnev A.V., Filimonova E.I., Kuleshova O.J., Vodianova M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5355">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5355</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ацетальдегид представляет опасность для окружающей среды, поэтому его содержание регламентируется в воздухе, воде и почве. ПДК в почве установлен на уровне 10 мг/кг, однако нормативно-методические документы для определения этого вещества в почве отсутствуют.</p><p>Цель исследования – определение ацетальдегида в почве методом газовой хроматографии в сочетании со статическим парофазным анализом.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для исследований использовали образцы дерново-подзолистой, песчаной, городской почв и чернозёма обыкновенного, отобранных в Московской, Курской, Мурманской и Тверской областях. Определение ацетальдегида проводили на аппаратно-программном комплексе на базе газового хроматографа «Хроматэк-Кристалл 5000.2» (ЗАО «Хроматэк», Россия) с пламенно-ионизационным детектором (ПИД) и внешним дозатором равновесного пара Lab Hut HT 200 H-200 (HTA s.r.l., Италия), с капиллярной колонкой DB-624 (Agilent, США) 60 м, 0,53 мм, 3 мкм.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Изучен большой массив (более тысячи) образцов почв. Во всех пробах присутствовал ацетальдегид, концентрация которого колебалась от 0,04 до 6 мг/кг. Исследована зависимость сигнала пламенно-ионизационного детектора (ПИД) от массы пробы, её влажности, времени и температуры термостатирования. Установлено, что оптимальная масса навески при использовании флаконов вместимостью 20 мл составляет 2 г, а влажность пробы для большинства типов почв – 20%. Анализ образцов почвы по методу ЕРА 5021 с добавлением к 2 г почвы 10 см3 модифицирующего раствора или реагентной воды приводит к очень низким значениям площадей хроматографических пиков или их отсутствию. Извлечение ацетальдегида непосредственно из образца почвы позволяет увеличить чувствительность определения в 10–60 раз.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Градуировочные графики, построенные с использованием различных типов почв, могут иметь разные угловые коэффициенты, поэтому с целью унификации целесообразно использовать водные растворы, хотя такой подход может вносить систематическую погрешность в результаты анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработан метод определения ацетальдегида в почве методом газовой хроматографии с пламенно-ионизационным детектором в сочетании со статическим парофазным анализом. Предел определения составил 0,04 мг/кг.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Некрасова Л.П. – концепция и дизайн исследования, проведение экспериментальных исследований, сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование; Сбитнев А.В. – проведение экспериментальных исследований, сбор материала и обработка данных; Филимонова Е.И. – проведение экспериментальных исследований, обработка результатов, статистический анализ; Кулешова О.Ю. – проведение экспериментальных исследований, сбор материала и обработка данных; Водянова М.А. – сбор материала, обработка результатов. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 18.09.2025 / Поступила после доработки: 09.10.2025 / Принята к печати: 02.12.2025 / Опубликована: 15.01.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Acetaldehyde is hazardous to the environment, and therefore its content in the air, water and soil is regulated. The maximum permissible concentration in soil is set at 10 mg/kg, but there are no regulatory and methodological documents for its determination in soil.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective of the study</title><p>Objective of the study. Determination of acetaldehyde in soil by gas chromatography in combination with static headspace analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on samples of sod-podzolic, sandy, and urban soils, as well as ordinary chernozem, collected in the Moscow, Kursk, Murmansk, and Tver regions. Acetaldehyde was detected using a hardware and software complex based on a Chromatec-Crystal 5000.2 gas chromatograph (Chromatec, Russia) with a flame ionization detector (FID) and an external Lab Hut HT 200 H-200 equilibrium vapor dispenser (HTA s.r.l., Italy), with a DB-624 capillary column (Agilent, USA) 60 m, 0.53 mm, 3 µm.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A large array (more than a thousand) of soil samples was analyzed (list the characteristics of the soils). Acetaldehyde was present in all samples, the concentration of which ranged from 0.04 mg/kg to 6.0 mg/kg. The dependence of the FID signal on the sample mass, its humidity, time, and temperature of thermostatting was studied. The optimal sample mass when using 20 ml vials is 2 g, and the sample humidity for most soil types was found to be 20%. Analysis of soil samples by the EPA 5021 method with the addition of 10 cm3 of a modifying solution or reagent water to 2 g of soil leads to very low values ​​of the chromatographic peak areas, or their absence. Extraction of acetaldehyde directly from the soil sample allows increasing the sensitivity of the detection by 10–60 times.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. Calibration graphs constructed using different types of soils may have different slopes, therefore, for the purpose of unification, it is advisable to use aqueous solutions, although this approach may introduce a systematic error in the analysis results.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A method for detecting acetaldehyde in soil using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector in combination with static headspace analysis has been developed. The detection limit was 0.04 mg/kg.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the conclusion of the Biomedical Ethics Committee.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Nekrasova L.P. – concept and design of the study, conducting experimental studies, writing the text, collecting material and processing data, editing; Sbitnev A.V. – conducting experimental studies, collecting material and processing data; Filimonova E.I. – conducting experimental studies, processing results, statistical processing; Kuleshova O.Yu. – conducting experimental studies, collecting material and processing data; Vodianova M.A. – collection of material, processing of results. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: September 18, 2025 / Revised: October 10, 2025 / Accepted: December 2, 2025 / Published: January 15, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ацетальдегид</kwd><kwd>парофазный анализ</kwd><kwd>газохроматографический анализ</kwd><kwd>летучие органические соединения</kwd><kwd>почва</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acetaldehyde</kwd><kwd>headspace analysis</kwd><kwd>gas chromatographic analysis</kwd><kwd>volatile organic compounds</kwd><kwd>soil</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 177, Acetaldehyde. Available at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Acetaldehyde</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Center for Biotechnology Information. 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