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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2026-105-1-60-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ecsrmw</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5405</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейросетевой метод анализа и прогнозирования показателей качества воды для обеспечения безопасности среды обитания и здоровья населения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neural network method of an analysis and forecasting water quality parameters to ensure public health safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8019-1203</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширяева</surname><given-names>Маргарита Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shiryaeva</surname><given-names>Margarita A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены воды ФБУН «ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: shiryaeva.ma@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Department of water hygiene, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: shiryaeva.ma@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shiryaeva.ma@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5932-6350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушкарева</surname><given-names>Мария Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkareva</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотр. отд. гигиены воды ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: pushkareva.mv@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), professor, chief researcher, Department of water hygiene, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: pushkareva.mv@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pushkareva.mv@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ширяева М.А., Пушкарева М.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ширяева М.А., Пушкарева М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shiryaeva M.A., Pushkareva M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5405">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5405</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Качество водных ресурсов является важнейшим фактором общественного здоровья и устойчивого развития экосистем. В условиях растущей антропогенной нагрузки и климатических изменений традиционные методы мониторинга качества воды не всегда эффективны, что требует внедрения инновационных подходов на основе искусственного интеллекта.</p><p>Цель исследования – разработка и апробация гибридной нейросетевой модели для прогнозирования показателей качества воды.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследовании использован комплекс программных инструментов на платформе Python с применением библиотек машинного обучения (TensorFlow Keras, Scikit-learn, Pandas). Проведена предварительная обработка данных методами iForest и интерполяции Лагранжа. Разработана оригинальная гибридная архитектура, объединяющая свёрточные нейронные сети и двунаправленные рекуррентные слои (BiGRU). Обучение модели осуществлялось на реальных данных мониторинга качества воды с использованием 50 эпох и 120 временных интервалов. Точность прогнозов оценивалась по четырём метрикам (RMSE, MAE, MAPE, R²) с последующим сравнением с традиционными методами ARIMA и SMA.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разработанная гибридная нейросетевая модель продемонстрировала беспрецедентную точность прогнозирования с коэффициентом детерминации R² &gt; 0,995 для ключевых параметров качества воды. Средняя ошибка прогноза (RMSE) составила 0,0309, что на 44,5% лучше результатов ближайшего аналога и в 32,2 раза превосходит классические методы. Время генерации прогноза на сутки вперёд не превышает 0,83 с. Модель эффективно работает в условиях стабильных показателей, выявляя ключевые факторы, влияющие на формирование качества воды.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Анализ проводился на данных за период 2014–2022 гг., что ограничивает оценку долгосрочных трендов и экстремальных событий. Эффективность модели снижается при наличии более 5% аномальных значений и пропусков в исходных данных без предварительной обработки.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработанная гибридная нейросетевая модель – эффективный инструмент оперативного прогнозирования и контроля качества водных ресурсов. Её применение открывает возможности для создания систем раннего предупреждения о потенциальных угрозах для здоровья населения, оптимизации процессов водоподготовки и разработки превентивных мер защиты водных экосистем. Высокая точность и скорость работы модели обеспечивают практическую применимость в реальных системах мониторинга источников питьевого водоснабжения.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов.</p></sec><sec><title>Вклад авторов</title><p>Вклад авторов: Ширяева М.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста; Пушкарева М.В. – сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 21.11.2025 / Поступила после доработки: 09.12.2025 / Принята к печати: 19.12.2025 / Опубликована: 10.02.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Water quality is a critical factor in public health and sustainable environmental development. With increasing anthropogenic pressure and climate change, traditional methods of water quality monitoring are not sufficiently effective, requiring the innovative approaches based on artificial intelligence.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To develop and test a hybrid neural network model for accurate prediction water quality indicators.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study used a set of software tools on the Python platform with the use of machine learning libraries (TensorFlow Keras, Scikit-learn, Pandas). Preliminary data processing was performed using iForest and Lagrange interpolation methods. An original hybrid architecture was developed, combining convolutional neural networks and bidirectional recurrent layers (BiGRU). The model was trained on real water quality monitoring data using fifty epochs and 120 time intervals. The accuracy of the forecasts was evaluated using four metrics (RMSE, MAE, MAPE, R2) and then compared with the traditional ARIMA and SMA methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The hybrid neural network model demonstrated unprecedented forecasting accuracy with a coefficient of determination R2&gt;0.995 for key water quality parameters. The mean prediction error (RMSE) was 0.0309, which is 44.5% better than the results of the closest analogue and 32.2 times better than classical methods. The time required to generate a forecast for the next day does not exceed 0.83 seconds. The model works effectively in conditions of stable indicators, identifying key factors affecting water quality.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The analysis was conducted on data for the period 2014–2022, which limits the assessment of long-term trends and extreme events. Model performance decreases when there are more than 5% anomalous values ​​and gaps in the original data without pre-processing.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The developed hybrid neural network model is an effective tool for operational forecasting and control of water resources quality. Its application opens up opportunities for creating early warning systems for potential threats to public health, optimizing water treatment processes, and developing preventive measures to protect aquatic ecosystems. The high accuracy and speed of the model ensure its practical applicability in real-world drinking water source monitoring systems.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. This study does not require the conclusion of a biomedical ethics committee or other documents.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Shiryayeva M.A. — research concept and design, data collection and processing, text writing; Pushkareva M.V. — data collection and processing, text writing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: November 21, 2025 / Revised: December 9, 2025 / Accepted: December 19, 2025 / Published: February 10, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейросетевые технологии</kwd><kwd>качество воды</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>гибридная модель</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>здоровье населения</kwd><kwd>водные ресурсы</kwd><kwd>временные ряды</kwd><kwd>мониторинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neural network technologies</kwd><kwd>water quality</kwd><kwd>forecasting</kwd><kwd>hybrid model</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>public health safety</kwd><kwd>water resources</kwd><kwd>temporal series</kwd><kwd>monitoring</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liao Z., Wang X., Zhang Y., Qing H., Li C., Liu Q., et al. 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