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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2026-105-2-184-190</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">dhahfr</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5471</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА ТРУДА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Состояние здоровья учителей средних общеобразовательных школ по данным опроса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The state of health of teachers in secondary schools according to the survey</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0195-8862</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масягутова</surname><given-names>Ляйля Марселевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Masyagutova</surname><given-names>Layla M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. отд. медицины труда, гл. науч. сотр. ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: kdl.ufa@rambler.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), head, Department of occupational health, chief researcher, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450008, Russian Federation; Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: kdl.ufa@rambler.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kdl.ufa@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1530-5312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садртдинова</surname><given-names>Гузяль Разитовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadrtdinova</surname><given-names>Guzyal R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач клинико-лабораторной диагностики, ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: Guzi24@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor, Clinical and laboratory diagnostics, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: Guzi24@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Guzi24@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1917-8998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>Евгений Георгиевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>Evgeny G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент, профессор каф. «Охрана окружающей среды и рациональное использование природных ресурсов» ФГБОУ ВО «УГНТУ», 450064, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: doctorse@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), associate professor, professor, Department of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources, Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Ufa, 450064, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: doctorse@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctorse@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8552-4756</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власова</surname><given-names>Наталия Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasova</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. медицины труда ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека» 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: vnv.vlasova@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), senior researcher, Department of occupational health, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology</p><p>e-mail: vnv.vlasova@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vnv.vlasova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека»; ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ufa Scientific Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology; Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ufa Scientific Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека»; ФГБОУ ВО «Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ufa Scientific Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology; Ufa State Petroleum Technical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>184</fpage><lpage>190</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Масягутова Л.М., Садртдинова Г.Р., Степанов Е.Г., Власова Н.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Масягутова Л.М., Садртдинова Г.Р., Степанов Е.Г., Власова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Masyagutova L.M., Sadrtdinova G.R., Stepanov E.G., Vlasova N.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5471">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5471</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Преподавание – это профессия, требующая огромных усилий и играющая ключевую роль в обществе. При этом учителя сталкиваются со стрессом, эмоциональным выгоранием, тревогой, депрессией, которые могут негативно влиять на их здоровье и благополучие. Учителя по сравнению с представителями других профессий реже сообщают о плохом самочувствии и симптомах депрессии, чаще ощущают функциональные ограничения. Поэтому важно исследование факторов, негативно воздействующих на здоровье учителей, для предотвращения этого влияния, обеспечения необходимой поддержки лицам данной профессиональной группы.</p><p>Цель исследования – изучение здоровья учителей средних общеобразовательных школ и распространённости соматических патологий на основании данных опроса для обеспечения адресных профилактических мероприятий, связанных с работой, и формирования приверженности здоровому образу жизни.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено в педагогических коллективах средних общеобразовательных школ крупного города с развитой нефтехимической промышленностью. Оценка состояния здоровья учителей проведена на основании анализа данных, полученных с помощью соматического опросника. Использованы вопросы из методики, разработанной специалистами НИИ социальной гигиены, экономики и управления здравоохранением им. Н.А. Семашко РАМН для приуроченного к переписи комплексного выборочного изучения здоровья населения (2002 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исследование показало, что у большинства учителей существуют проблемы со здоровьем. Практически все опрошенные предъявляли жалобы на боли в груди, повышенное артериальное давление наблюдалось у 40% респондентов, из них 20% (тридцать три человека) вынуждены были вызывать скорую помощь по причине гипертонических кризов. Частые головные боли также оказались типичными для учителей: 80% отмечали головокружения, 60% – нарушения сна (в том числе трудности с засыпанием, частые пробуждения ночью и поверхностный сон), у 62% опрошенных присутствовали признаки нейроциркуляторной дистонии. На боли в спине и конечностях предъявляли жалобы 87% респондентов, у 43,4% присутствовали симптомы нарушения функций периферической нервной системы, до 40% опрошенных педагогов отмечали проблемы с дыханием и периодический кашель, 80% – наличие диспепсических нарушений.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Отсутствие данных о стаже и возрасте респондентов, что могло повлиять на результаты. Кроме того, выборка сфокусирована на педагогах малых городов, что снижает репрезентативность для мегаполисов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Анализ результатов самооценки здоровья работниками средних общеобразовательных школ свидетельствует о повышенном риске развития патологий системы кровообращения, болезней периферической нервной системы, психических расстройств. Создание и внедрение социальных и медико-профилактических программ, направленных на охрану здоровья, профилактику болезней, связанных с работой, а также формирование приверженности здоровому образу жизни, в изученной когортной группе должно строиться с учётом базового состояния здоровья.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов. Проведён поперечный сплошной очный анонимный опрос в соответствии с основными принципами рекомендаций CROSS (A Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies), версия 2021 г. Все участники дали информированное добровольное письменное согласие на участие в исследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Вклад авторов</title><p>Вклад авторов: Масягутова Л.М. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка данных, написание текста, структурирование статьи, редактирование; Садртдинова Г.Р. – сбор и обработка данных, написание текста, подбор и перевод литературы, структурирование статьи, редактирование; Степанов Е.Г. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка данных, написание текста; Власова Н.В. – сбор и обработка данных, написание текста, подбор и перевод литературы. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 19.03.2025 / Поступила после доработки: 14.04.2025 / Принята к печати: 26.06.2025 / Опубликована: 13.03.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Teaching is a occupation that requires tremendous effort and plays a key role in society. However, teachers face serious problems: stress, emotional burnout, anxiety and depression, which can adversely affect their health and well-being. Although teachers are less likely to report feeling unwell and experiencing symptoms of depression compared to other occupations, they are more likely to experience functional limitations. This highlights the importance of research to understand the factors that affect teachers’ health to find solutions to these problems and provide them with the necessary support.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose of work</title><p>Purpose of work. To determine the health status in secondary school teachers by identifying the prevalence of somatic diseases according to the survey data to ensure targeted preventive measures related to work, as well as the formation of commitment to a healthy lifestyle.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study was conducted in a large city with a developed petrochemical industry, among the teaching staff of the secondary schools. The assessment of the health status in workers in this occupation was carried out based on the analysis of data obtained using a somatic questionnaire. The questions from the methodology developed by the specialists of the N.A. Semashko Research Institute of Social Hygiene, Economics and Health Management of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences for a comprehensive sample study of the population’s health, timed to coincide with the census (2002), were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study showed most teachers to have health problems. Almost all the respondents complained of chest pain, 40% of the respondents had high blood pressure, of which 20% (33 persons) had to call an ambulance due to hypertensive crises. Frequent headaches also turned out to be typical for the respondents – 80% of teachers noted concomitant dizziness; 60%- sleep disorders (including difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings at night and shallow sleep), 62% of respondents had signs of neurocirculatory dystonia; 87% of respondents complained of back and limb pain, 43.4% showed signs of diseases of the peripheral nervous system; up to 40% of the teachers surveyed noted breathing problems, periodic coughing; 80% noted the presence of dyspeptic disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. Lack of data on respondents’ experience and age could have impacted the results. Furthermore, the sample focused on teachers in small towns, limiting its representativeness for larger cities.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The analysis of the results of self-assessment of health by employees of secondary schools indicates an increased risk of developing pathology of the circulatory system, diseases of the peripheral nervous system, and mental disorders. The creation and implementation to social and medical prevention programs aimed at protecting health, preventing work-related illnesses, and fostering commitment to a healthy lifestyle in the cohort group studied should be based on their basic state of health.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require submission of a biomedical ethics committee report or other documents. A cross-sectional, face-to-face, anonymous survey was conducted in accordance with the main principles of the CROSS (A Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies) guidelines, version 2021. All participants provided informed, voluntary, written consent to participate in the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Masyagutova L.M. – concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, writing the text, structuring an article, editing; Sadrtdinova G.R. – data collection and processing, writing the text, structuring an article, editing, writing the text, selection and translation of literature; Stepanov E.G. – concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, writing the text; Vlasova N.V. – data collection and processing, writing the text, selection and translation of literature. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: March 19, 2025 / Revised: April 14, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: March 13, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>учитель</kwd><kwd>педагог</kwd><kwd>состояние здоровья</kwd><kwd>болезни</kwd><kwd>начальное и основное общее образование</kwd><kwd>профессиональное здоровье</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>teacher</kwd><kwd>health status</kwd><kwd>illness</kwd><kwd>primary and basic general education</kwd><kwd>occupational health</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Константиновский Д.Л., Пинская М.А., Звягинцев Р.С. Профессиональное самочувствие учителей: от энтузиазма до выгорания. 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