<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2018-97-4-342-354</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-549</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOOD HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Антибиотикоустойчивые микроорганизмы в пище как гигиеническая проблема (обзорная статья)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in food as a hygienic problem</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевелёва</surname><given-names>Светлана Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheveleva</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. лаб. биобезопасности и анализа нутримикробиома ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологии».</p><p>e-mail: sheveleva@ion.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., , head of the Laboratory of Biosafety and Analysis of Nutrimicrobiome of the Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: sheveleva@ion.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sheveleva@ion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологии»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>97</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>342</fpage><lpage>354</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевелёва С.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевелёва С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sheveleva S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/549">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/549</self-uri><abstract><p>Приведён анализ научных данных о распространении антибиотикоустойчивости у микроорганизмов из пищевых источников. Дано представление о механизмах её формирования под влиянием ветеринарных лекарственных средств (ВЛС) с антимикробным действием с учётом особенностей их применения в животноводстве. Описаны пути поступления ВЛС в пищу, потенциал их остатков в плане прямых и опосредованных рисков для здоровья человека, современная ситуация с загрязнённостью ими пищевой продукции, принципы гигиенического нормирования и контроля. Охарактеризована роль субингибиторных доз антибиотиков в формировании антибиотикоустойчивости у микроорганизмов, акцентировано значение тетрациклинов как наиболее важных агентов активизации горизонтального переноса генов резистентности в окружающей среде. Освещены факторы в объектах пищевой цепи, способствующие реализации разных типов горизонтального переноса генов, в том числе на примерах исследований руководимой автором лаборатории условий на конкретном пищевом производстве. Приведены новые данные о негативных последствиях физических и химических воздействий неантибиотической природы, сублетальных для микрофлоры в пище, а также использования продуктов микробного синтеза в качестве антимикробных технологических средств, которые проявляются усилением генного трансфера и развитием у пищевых штаммов приобретённой устойчивости к антибиотикам. Раскрыта значимость посторонней (зоонозные патогены, представители комменсальной фекальной флоры, агенты ИСМП) и специально используемой (биотехнологические, пробиотические микроорганизмы, генетически модифицированные микроорганизмы (ГММ)) микрофлоры пищевых продуктов в качестве векторов передачи резистентных микроорганизмов в организм человека. Обобщены современные данные международных организаций и литературных источников об эффективных практических мерах противодействия формированию и распространению резистентности, в том числе о перспективных инновациях в сельском хозяйстве, направленных на альтернативные применению антибиотиков технологии выращивания и откорма продуктивных животных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The analysis of scientific data on the occurrence of the antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms from food sources is adduced. A presentation on the molecular mechanisms of its formation under the influence of veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) with an antimicrobial effect, taking into account the peculiarities of their use in the animal husbandry, is given. Ways of the contamination of food with VMPs, the potential of their residues in terms of direct and indirect risks for human health, the current situation with the contamination of food products, the principles of hygienic rationing and control are described. The role of sub-inhibitory doses of antibiotics in the formation of the antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms is described, and the importance of tetracyclines as the most important agents of activation of horizontal transfer of resistance in the environment is emphasized. The factors in food chain objects contributing to the realization of different types of horizontal gene transfer are highlighted, including examples of studies implemented by the author laboratory in a specific food industry establishment. The new data on the negative consequences of physical and chemical effects of non-antibiotic nature, sublethal for microflora in food, as well as products of microbial synthesis as inhibitory technological means, manifested by the enhancement of the gene transfer and the development of acquired antimicrobial resistance in food strains, is presented. The importance of extraneous (zoonotic pathogens, intestinal commensal flora representatives, HAIs agents) and the microflora of food products especially used (biotechnological, probiotic microorganisms, GMM) as vectors for transfer of resistant microorganisms to the human body have been disclosed. The modern data of international organizations and literary sources are summarized in terms of effective practical measures to counter the formation and occurrence of the resistance, including promising innovations in agriculture aimed at alternative technologies to antimicrobials for the growing and fattening of productive animals.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антибиотикоустойчивость</kwd><kwd>противомикробные ветеринарные лекарственные средства</kwd><kwd>тетрациклины</kwd><kwd>субингибиторные дозы антибиотиков</kwd><kwd>безопасность пищевых продуктов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antimicrobial resistance</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products</kwd><kwd>tetracyclines</kwd><kwd>sub-inhibitory doses of antimicrobials</kwd><kwd>foods safety</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борьба с устойчивостью к антибиотикам с позиций безопасности пищевых продук-тов в Европе. ISBN 978 92 890 4421 9, ВОЗ, Европейское региональное бюро. Копенгаген, 2011. 106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bor'ba s ustojchivost'ju k antibiotikam s pozicij bezopasnosti pishhevyh produk-tov v Evrope. ISBN 978 92 890 4421 9, VOZ, Evropejskoe regional'noe bjuro. Kopengagen, 2011. 106.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robinson T.P., Bub D.P., Carrique-Masc J., Fèvred E.M., Gilberte M., Gracea D., Hayf S.I., Jiwakanonh J., Kakkari M., Kariukij S., Laxminarayank R., Lubrothl J., Magnussonm U., Thi Ngocn P., Van Boeckelo T.P. and Woolhouse M.E.J. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2016; 110: 377-380 https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trw048</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robinson T.P., Bub D.P., Carrique-Masc J., Fèvred E.M., Gilberte M., Gracea D., Hayf S.I., Jiwakanonh J., Kakkari M., Kariukij S., Laxminarayank R., Lubrothl J., Magnussonm U., Thi Ngocn P., Van Boeckelo T.P. and Woolhouse M.E.J. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2016; 110: 377-380 https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trw048</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bull.World Health Organ.-2015.-93.-р.217-218. Электронный ресурс: https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.15.030415</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bull.World Health Organ.-2015.-93.-r.217-218. Jelektronnyj resurs: https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.15.030415</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: final report and recommendations. The review on antimicrobial resistance. Chaired by Jim O’Neill. May 2016 [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: https://amr-review.org/Publication</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: final report and recommendations. The review on antimicrobial resistance. Chaired by Jim O’Neill. May 2016 [Jelektronnyj resurs]. - Rezhim dostupa: https://amr-review.org/Publication</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Capita R., C.A.Calleja. Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: /Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 53:11-48 (2013).-р.11-48. Copyright © Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. ISSN: 1040-8398 / 1549-7852 online. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.519837</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Capita R., C.A.Calleja. Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: /Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 53:11-48 (2013).-r.11-48. Copyright © Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. ISSN: 1040-8398 / 1549-7852 online. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.519837</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Supotnitskiy М.V./ Biopreparats (Biopharmaceuticals). 2011. N 2. P. 4-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Supotnitskiy M.V./ Biopreparats (Biopharmaceuticals). 2011. N 2. P. 4-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kelly B.G., Verspermann A., Bolton D.J. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008, 47, 969-977.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kelly B.G., Verspermann A., Bolton D.J. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008, 47, 969-977.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Виноградова К.А., Булгакова В.Г., Полин А.Н., Кожевин П.А./Антибиотики и химиотерапия, 2013, т.58, № 5-6, с.38-48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinogradova K.A., Bulgakova V.G., Polin A.N., Kozhevin P.A./Antibiotiki i himioterapija, 2013, t.58, № 5-6, s.38-48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Humphrey T. /International J of Food Microbiology. - 2001. - Vol. 67. - P. 173-186</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Humphrey T. /International J of Food Microbiology. - 2001. - Vol. 67. - P. 173-186</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шкурат М.А., Покудина И.О., Батталов Д.В./Живые и биокосные системы.-2014.-№ 10; URL: http://jbks.ru/archive/issue-10/article-10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shkurat M.A., Pokudina I.O., Battalov D.V./Zhivye i biokosnye sistemy.-2014.-№ 10; URL: http://jbks.ru/archive/issue-10/article-10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferenci T., Phan К./ Genes 2015, 6(4), 1113-1124; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes6041113</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferenci T., Phan K./ Genes 2015, 6(4), 1113-1124; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes6041113</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ковалевская Н.П./Медицинские науки. Фундаментальные исследования.-2015.-№ 1, с.284-289,</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalevskaja N.P./Medicinskie nauki. Fundamental'nye issledovanija.-2015.-№ 1, s.284-289,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Желдакова Р. А. Механизмы биосинтеза антибиотиков и их действие на клетки мик-роорганизмов: Учеб.-метод. комплекс для студентов специальности 1-31 01 01 «Биология» / Р.А. Желдакова. - Мн.: БГУ, 2004. - 111 с. ISBN 985-485-099-4.;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheldakova R. A. Mehanizmy biosinteza antibiotikov i ih dejstvie na kletki mik-roorganizmov: Ucheb.-metod. kompleks dlja studentov special'nosti 1-31 01 01 «Biologija» / R.A. Zheldakova. - Mn.: BGU, 2004. - 111 s. ISBN 985-485-099-4.;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рубцова М.Ю., Уляшова М.М., Бахман Т.Т., Шмид Р.Д., Егоров А.М./Успехи биоло-гической химии.-т.50.-2010.-с.303-348.].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubcova M.Ju., Uljashova M.M., Bahman T.T., Shmid R.D., Egorov A.M./Uspehi biolo-gicheskoj himii.-t.50.-2010.-s.303-348.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morente E.O, Miguel Angel Fernandez-Fuentes, Maria Jose Grande Burgos, Hikmate Abriouel, Ruben Perez Pulido, Antonio Galvez./Int. J. Food Microbiology.-2013.-162.-13-25</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morente E.O, Miguel Angel Fernandez-Fuentes, Maria Jose Grande Burgos, Hikmate Abriouel, Ruben Perez Pulido, Antonio Galvez./Int. J. Food Microbiology.-2013.-162.-13-25</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenblatt-Farrell N./ Environ. Health Persp.-2009.- 117(6): A245-A250.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenblatt-Farrell N./ Environ. Health Persp.-2009.- 117(6): A245-A250.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meyer, B./Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006, 112, 275-279,</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meyer, B./Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006, 112, 275-279,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">SCENIHR (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks), As-sessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Effects of Biocides, 19 January 2009.-87 р. http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/risk_en.htm</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">SCENIHR (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks), As-sessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Effects of Biocides, 19 January 2009.-87 r. http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/risk_en.htm</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мылдов Е.М., Тихова Л.И. Фармакологическая характеристика аминогликозидных антибиотиков./Лекционный курс кафедры фармакологии, КГМУ.2000.-35 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Myldov E.M., Tihova L.I. Farmakologicheskaja harakteristika aminoglikozidnyh antibiotikov./Lekcionnyj kurs kafedry farmakologii, KGMU.2000.-35 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Franz, C. M., Stiles, M. E., Schleifer, K. H. &amp; Holzapfel, W. H./International Journal of Food Microbiology.-2003.- 88(2): 105-122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Franz, C. M., Stiles, M. E., Schleifer, K. H. &amp; Holzapfel, W. H./International Journal of Food Microbiology.-2003.- 88(2): 105-122.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Franz, C.M., Huch, M., Abriouel, W.H., Holzapfel, W. &amp; Galvez, A./International Journal of Food Microbiology.-2011.-151(2): 125-140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Franz, C.M., Huch, M., Abriouel, W.H., Holzapfel, W. &amp; Galvez, A./International Journal of Food Microbiology.-2011.-151(2): 125-140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mathers JJ, Flick SC, Cox LA Jr./ Environ Int.- 2011 Jul;37(5):991-1004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mathers JJ, Flick SC, Cox LA Jr./ Environ Int.- 2011 Jul;37(5):991-1004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Габович Р. Д., Л. С. Припутина. Гигиенические основы охраны продуктов питания от вредных химических веществ. Киев.-Здоров’я.-1987.-248 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gabovich R. D., L. S. Priputina. Gigienicheskie osnovy ohrany produktov pitanija ot vrednyh himicheskih veshhestv. Kiev.-Zdorov’ja.-1987.-248 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Шевелёва С.А., Хотимченко С.А./ Гигиена и санитария, 2012.-№ 6, с.4-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onishhenko G.G., Sheveljova S.A., Hotimchenko S.A./ Gigiena i sanitarija, 2012.-№ 6, s.4-14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maximum residue limits (MRLs) and risk management recommendations (RMRs) for resi-dues of veterinary drugs in foods. CAC/MRL 2-2017. Updated as at the 40th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (July 2017).-43 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maximum residue limits (MRLs) and risk management recommendations (RMRs) for resi-dues of veterinary drugs in foods. CAC/MRL 2-2017. Updated as at the 40th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (July 2017).-43 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin J. / Frontiers in microbiology.-2011, 2:53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin J. / Frontiers in microbiology.-2011, 2:53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайцева Н.В., Тутельян В.А., Шур П.З., Хотимченко С.А., Шевелёва С.А./ Гигиена и санитария.-2014.-Том 93, №5.-с.70-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zajceva N.V., Tutel'jan V.A., Shur P.Z., Hotimchenko S.A., Sheveljova S.A./ Gigiena i sanitarija.-2014.-Tom 93, №5.-s.70-74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davies C., Dirksen E Bussiere, Barbara L Golden, Stephanie J Porter, Venki Ramakrishnan, Stephen W. White./Journal of Molecular Biology.-1998.-Volume 279, Issue 4.-р.873-888.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davies C., Dirksen E Bussiere, Barbara L Golden, Stephanie J Porter, Venki Ramakrishnan, Stephen W. White./Journal of Molecular Biology.-1998.-Volume 279, Issue 4.-r.873-888.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Методология оценки рисков здоровью населения при воздействии химических, фи-зических и биологических факторов для определения показателей безопасности продукции (товаров). ЕЭК, М.: Юманитэ медиа, 2014 г., 120 с. ISBN 978-5-91754-174-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Metodologija ocenki riskov zdorov'ju naselenija pri vozdejstvii himicheskih, fi-zicheskih i biologicheskih faktorov dlja opredelenija pokazatelej bezopasnosti produkcii (tovarov). EJeK, M.: Jumanitje media, 2014 g., 120 s. ISBN 978-5-91754-174-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Научное обоснование допустимых уровней содержания контаминантов химической природы и пищевых добавок в пищевых продуктах. Методические указания. МУ 1.2.2961-11.-М.: ФЦГиЭ Роспотребнадзора, 2011.- 13 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nauchnoe obosnovanie dopustimyh urovnej soderzhanija kontaminantov himicheskoj prirody i pishhevyh dobavok v pishhevyh produktah. Metodicheskie ukazanija. MU 1.2.2961-11.-M.: FCGiJe Rospotrebnadzora, 2011.- 13 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report on the implementation of national residue monitoring plans in the member states in 2014 (Council Directive 96/23/EC). EFSA.2016. 235.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report on the implementation of national residue monitoring plans in the member states in 2014 (Council Directive 96/23/EC). EFSA.2016. 235.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takele Beyene./J. Veterinar. Sci. Technol. 7:285-301, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000285</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takele Beyene./J. Veterinar. Sci. Technol. 7:285-301, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000285</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feijo L.D., Fleury M.S.Portz A.J., Castelo Branco R.L., Rocha R.S., Silva A.M.S./Bulletin of the International Dairy Federeation, 2013.- 465, р.1-11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feijo L.D., Fleury M.S.Portz A.J., Castelo Branco R.L., Rocha R.S., Silva A.M.S./Bulletin of the International Dairy Federeation, 2013.- 465, r.1-11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевелева С.А., Бессонов В.В./Молочная промышленность. - 2016. - №5. с.32-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheveleva S.A., Bessonov V.V./Molochnaja promyshlennost'. - 2016. - №5. s.32-36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лелеко С.Н. Гигиеническая оценка безопасности пищевой продукции современных мясоперерабатывающих предприятий по содержанию нитрофуранов и антибиотиков: Автореферат дисс. … канд. мед. наук.- СПб., 2014. - 24 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leleko S.N. Gigienicheskaja ocenka bezopasnosti pishhevoj produkcii sovremennyh mjasopererabatyvajushhih predprijatij po soderzhaniju nitrofuranov i antibiotikov: Avtoreferat diss. … kand. med. nauk.- SPb., 2014. - 24 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики как обязательное принудительное «блюдо российского стола».-9 с. Эл.ресурс - http://www.strf.ru/material.aspx?CatalogId=222&amp;d_no=23788. © Электрон-ное издание «Наука и технологии России». Наука и техника: Живые системы 15.09.2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antibiotiki kak objazatel'noe prinuditel'noe «bljudo rossijskogo stola».-9 s. Jel.resurs - http://www.strf.ru/material.aspx?CatalogId=222&amp;d_no=23788. © Jelektron-noe izdanie «Nauka i tehnologii Rossii». Nauka i tehnika: Zhivye sistemy 15.09.2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2014. EFSA а. ECDPС/ EFSA Journal 2015;13(12):4329, https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4329.-www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2014. EFSA a. ECDPS/ EFSA Journal 2015;13(12):4329, https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4329.-www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оценки ВОЗ глобального бремени болезней пищевого происхождения, 2015.-268 р. www.who.int/foodsafety/ru</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ocenki VOZ global'nogo bremeni boleznej pishhevogo proishozhdenija, 2015.-268 r. www.who.int/foodsafety/ru</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamscher, G., Sczesny, S., Hoper, H., Nau, H./ Analytical Chemistry.-2002.-74, 1509-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamscher, G., Sczesny, S., Hoper, H., Nau, H./ Analytical Chemistry.-2002.-74, 1509-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang F.H./China. Environ. Sci ,2006.-26.- р.614-617.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang F.H./China. Environ. Sci ,2006.-26.- r.614-617.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Конец прекрасной эпохи. Как мы стали свидетелями заката «эры антибиотиков». https://nplus1.ru/material/2015/11/25/antibiotics</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konec prekrasnoj jepohi. Kak my stali svideteljami zakata «jery antibiotikov». https://nplus1.ru/material/2015/11/25/antibiotics</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Devirgiliis C., Barile S., Perozzi G. /Genes and Nutrition.-V.6, Issue 3, 2011,-р.275-84</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Devirgiliis C., Barile S., Perozzi G. /Genes and Nutrition.-V.6, Issue 3, 2011,-r.275-84</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larsen M. H. et al. /Food Control. - 2014. - Т. 44. - С. 92-109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larsen M. H. et al. /Food Control. - 2014. - T. 44. - S. 92-109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davies J., George B Spiegelman and Grace Yim./ Current Opinion in Microbiology 2006, 9:445-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2006.08.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davies J., George B Spiegelman and Grace Yim./ Current Opinion in Microbiology 2006, 9:445-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2006.08.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verraes C., Sigrid Van Boxstael, Eva Van Meervenne, Els Van Coillie, Patrick Butaye, Boudewijn Catry, Marie-Athenais de Schaetzen, Xavier Van Huffel, Hein Imberechts, Katelijne Dierick, Georges Daube, Claude Saegerman, Jan De Block, Jeroen Dewulf and Lieve Herman./Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health.-2013, 10, 2643-2669; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10072643</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verraes C., Sigrid Van Boxstael, Eva Van Meervenne, Els Van Coillie, Patrick Butaye, Boudewijn Catry, Marie-Athenais de Schaetzen, Xavier Van Huffel, Hein Imberechts, Katelijne Dierick, Georges Daube, Claude Saegerman, Jan De Block, Jeroen Dewulf and Lieve Herman./Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health.-2013, 10, 2643-2669; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10072643</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кожевин П.А., Виноградова К.А., Булгакова В.Г. /Вестник Московского университета. Серия 17. Почвоведение : Научный журнал - М.: МГУ им.М.В. Ломоносова (Издательский Дом). 2014(3): 3-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozhevin P.A., Vinogradova K.A., Bulgakova V.G. /Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 17. Pochvovedenie : Nauchnyj zhurnal - M.: MGU im.M.V. Lomonosova (Izdatel'skij Dom). 2014(3): 3-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Million M. Caractérisation des altérations du microbiote digestif associées à l’obésité et rôle de la manipulation du microbiote digestif dans l’obésité./ Thèse de Doctorat du grade de Docteur d’Aix-Marseille Université.-15 mai 2013.-217 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Million M. Caractérisation des altérations du microbiote digestif associées à l’obésité et rôle de la manipulation du microbiote digestif dans l’obésité./ Thèse de Doctorat du grade de Docteur d’Aix-Marseille Université.-15 mai 2013.-217 r.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yim G., Wang Н.Н. a. Davies J./Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B.-2007.-362.- р.1195-1200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yim G., Wang N.N. a. Davies J./Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B.-2007.-362.- r.1195-1200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smet A., Rasschaert G., Martel A., Persoons D., Dewulf J., Butaye P., Catry B., Haesebrouck F., Herman L., Heyndrickx M./J. Appl. Microbiol.-2010, 110, 541-549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smet A., Rasschaert G., Martel A., Persoons D., Dewulf J., Butaye P., Catry B., Haesebrouck F., Herman L., Heyndrickx M./J. Appl. Microbiol.-2010, 110, 541-549.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевелёва С.А., Ефимочкина Н.Р., Быкова И.Б., Пичугина Т.В., Маркова Ю.М., Ко-роткевич Ю.В./Мат.VIII Всероссийского Конгресса по инфекционным болезням с международным участием. Москва, 28-30 марта 2016 г., с.314.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheveljova S.A., Efimochkina N.R., Bykova I.B., Pichugina T.V., Markova Ju.M., Ko-rotkevich Ju.V./Mat.VIII Vserossijskogo Kongressa po infekcionnym boleznjam s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. Moskva, 28-30 marta 2016 g., s.314.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brewer Matt T., Nalee Xiong, Jeffery D. Dier,Kristi L. Anderson, Mark Rasmussen, Sharon K. Franklin, Steve A.Carlson. / Veterinary Microbiology.-2011.-151.-301-306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brewer Matt T., Nalee Xiong, Jeffery D. Dier,Kristi L. Anderson, Mark Rasmussen, Sharon K. Franklin, Steve A.Carlson. / Veterinary Microbiology.-2011.-151.-301-306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mastura A. Public health aspects of the house fly, Musca domestica L.(Diptera: Muscidae) - Enterococcus spp. association. M. Phil., University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2004. An ab-stract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree doctor of philosophy. Kansas state university Manhattan, Kansas 2008.-177 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mastura A. Public health aspects of the house fly, Musca domestica L.(Diptera: Muscidae) - Enterococcus spp. association. M. Phil., University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2004. An ab-stract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree doctor of philosophy. Kansas state university Manhattan, Kansas 2008.-177 r.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petridis, M., M. Bagdasarian, M. K. Waldor, and E. Walker./ J. Med. Entomol.-2006.-43: 288-295.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petridis, M., M. Bagdasarian, M. K. Waldor, and E. Walker./ J. Med. Entomol.-2006.-43: 288-295.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rana S.W., A. Kumar, S.K. Walia, K. Berven, K. Cumper, S.K. Walia./ Journal of Applied Microbiology.-2010.-110, 35-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rana S.W., A. Kumar, S.K. Walia, K. Berven, K. Cumper, S.K. Walia./ Journal of Applied Microbiology.-2010.-110, 35-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cocolin Luca, John Donaghy, Pierre Renault, Paul Ross, Marc Van Ranst. Safety Implica-tions of the Presence of Nucleic Acids of Inactivated Microorganisms in Foods. REPORT commissioned by the ILSI Europe Emerging Microbiological Issues Task Force 2013 ILSI Europe ISBN: 9789078637400. ISSN: 2294-5504.-32 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cocolin Luca, John Donaghy, Pierre Renault, Paul Ross, Marc Van Ranst. Safety Implica-tions of the Presence of Nucleic Acids of Inactivated Microorganisms in Foods. REPORT commissioned by the ILSI Europe Emerging Microbiological Issues Task Force 2013 ILSI Europe ISBN: 9789078637400. ISSN: 2294-5504.-32 r.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Safety assessment of foods derived from genetically modified microorganisms. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Foods Derived from Biotechnology// WHO Headquarters.-Geneva,- 24-28 September 2001.-29 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safety assessment of foods derived from genetically modified microorganisms. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Foods Derived from Biotechnology// WHO Headquarters.-Geneva,- 24-28 September 2001.-29 r.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ефимочкина Н.Р., Короткевич Ю.В., Стеценко В.В., Пичугина Т.В., Быкова И.Б., Минаева Л.П., Шевелева С.А./Вопросы питания. - 2017. - т.85.-№ 1.- с.18-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Efimochkina N.R., Korotkevich Ju.V., Stecenko V.V., Pichugina T.V., Bykova I.B., Minaeva L.P., Sheveleva S.A./Voprosy pitanija. - 2017. - t.85.-№ 1.- s.18-28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ciolacu (Pricope) Luminita, Anca Nicolau, Martin Wagner, Kathrin Rychli. /Food Con-trol.-2013.- 31(1):230-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.09.031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ciolacu (Pricope) Luminita, Anca Nicolau, Martin Wagner, Kathrin Rychli. /Food Con-trol.-2013.- 31(1):230-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.09.031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эль-Регистан Г.И., Николаев Ю.А., Мулюкин А.Л., Лойко Н.Г., Демкина Е.В., Писа-рев В.М., Гапонов А.М., Тутельян А.В. /Медицинский алфавит.-2014. Т. 2. № 10. С. 49-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jel'-Registan G.I., Nikolaev Ju.A., Muljukin A.L., Lojko N.G., Demkina E.V., Pisa-rev V.M., Gaponov A.M., Tutel'jan A.V. /Medicinskij alfavit.-2014. T. 2. № 10. S. 49-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis K. /Nature Reviews Microbiology.-2007.- 5 (1), 48-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewis K. /Nature Reviews Microbiology.-2007.- 5 (1), 48-56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ling LL, T Schneider, AJ Peoples, AL Spoering, I Engels, BP Conlon, Anna Mueller, Till F Schäberle, Dallas E Hughes, Slava Epstein, Michael Jones, Linos Lazarides, Victoria A Steadman, Douglas R Cohen, Cintia R Felix, K Ashley Fetterman, William P Millett, An-thony G Nitti, Ashley M Zullo, Chao Chen, Kim Lewis./Nature.-2015.-517 (7535), 455-59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ling LL, T Schneider, AJ Peoples, AL Spoering, I Engels, BP Conlon, Anna Mueller, Till F Schäberle, Dallas E Hughes, Slava Epstein, Michael Jones, Linos Lazarides, Victoria A Steadman, Douglas R Cohen, Cintia R Felix, K Ashley Fetterman, William P Millett, An-thony G Nitti, Ashley M Zullo, Chao Chen, Kim Lewis./Nature.-2015.-517 (7535), 455-59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ефимочкина Н.Р., Быкова И.Б., Маркова Ю.М., Короткевич Ю.В., Шевелева С.А./Вопросы питания. - 2016, т.85.-№ 1.- с.66-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Efimochkina N.R., Bykova I.B., Markova Ju.M., Korotkevich Ju.V., Sheveleva S.A./Voprosy pitanija. - 2016, t.85.-№ 1.- s.66-74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевелева С.А., Ефимочкина Н.Р., Козак С.С., Минаева Л.П., Быкова И.Б., Пичугина Т.В., Маркова Ю.М., Короткевич Ю.В./ Вопросы питания.-2016. -т. 85. -№ 2. Приложение.- с.38-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheveleva S.A., Efimochkina N.R., Kozak S.S., Minaeva L.P., Bykova I.B., Pichugina T.V., Markova Ju.M., Korotkevich Ju.V./ Voprosy pitanija.-2016. -t. 85. -№ 2. Prilozhenie.- s.38-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2014. EFSA Journal 2016;14(2):4380 [207 pp.]. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4380</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2014. EFSA Journal 2016;14(2):4380 [207 pp.]. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4380</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Louden Brian C, Haarmann Daniel, Han Jing, Foley Steven L., Lynne Aaron M./Food Res. Int.- 2012. 45, № 2, 968-972.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Louden Brian C, Haarmann Daniel, Han Jing, Foley Steven L., Lynne Aaron M./Food Res. Int.- 2012. 45, № 2, 968-972.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toomey N. Monaghan A. Fanning S. Bolton D.J./ Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 2009, 6, 925-933. https://nsau.edu.ru/images/vetfac/images/ebooks/microbiology/index.htm</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toomey N. Monaghan A. Fanning S. Bolton D.J./ Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 2009, 6, 925-933. https://nsau.edu.ru/images/vetfac/images/ebooks/microbiology/index.htm</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воронин Е.С, Кисленко В.Н., Колычев Н.М, Плешакова В.И. Ветеринарная микро-биология и иммунология./Электронный дидактический комплекс.-Эл.ресурс - http://nsau.edu.ru/images/vetfac/images/ebooks/microbiology/stu/bacter/ecologia/rezistmo.htm</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voronin E.S, Kislenko V.N., Kolychev N.M, Pleshakova V.I. Veterinarnaja mikro-biologija i immunologija./Jelektronnyj didakticheskij kompleks.-Jel.resurs - http://nsau.edu.ru/images/vetfac/images/ebooks/microbiology/stu/bacter/ecologia/rezistmo.htm</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шурышева Ж.Н. Оценка риска загрязненности пищевых продуктов бактериями рода Campylobacter. Автореферат дисс канд.наук.-Москва.-2007.-23 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shurysheva Zh.N. Ocenka riska zagrjaznennosti pishhevyh produktov bakterijami roda Campylobacter. Avtoreferat diss kand.nauk.-Moskva.-2007.-23 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Yi-Yun, Yang Wang,Timothy R Walsh, Ling-Xian Yi, Rong Zhang, James Spen-cer,Yohei Doi,Guobao Tian, Baolei Dong, Xianhui Huang, Lin-Feng Yu, Danxia Gu, Hongwei Ren, Xiaojie Chen, Luchao Lv,Dandan He, Hongwei Zhou, Zisen Liang, Jian-Hua Liu,Jian-Hua Liu Jianzhong Shen. / The Lancet Infectious Disease.-2016.-Volume 16, No. 2, p161-168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Yi-Yun, Yang Wang,Timothy R Walsh, Ling-Xian Yi, Rong Zhang, James Spen-cer,Yohei Doi,Guobao Tian, Baolei Dong, Xianhui Huang, Lin-Feng Yu, Danxia Gu, Hongwei Ren, Xiaojie Chen, Luchao Lv,Dandan He, Hongwei Zhou, Zisen Liang, Jian-Hua Liu,Jian-Hua Liu Jianzhong Shen. / The Lancet Infectious Disease.-2016.-Volume 16, No. 2, p161-168.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Короткевич Ю.В. /Вопросы питания. 2016. Т. 85. № 2. С. 5-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korotkevich Ju.V. /Voprosy pitanija. 2016. T. 85. № 2. S. 5-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнова Л.И., Забровская А.В., Приходько Е.И., Ярикова В.Э., Гегирова Д.М./ Международный вестник ветеринарии.- №3.- 2012.- с.32-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnova L.I., Zabrovskaja A.V., Prihod'ko E.I., Jarikova V.Je., Gegirova D.M./ Mezhdunarodnyj vestnik veterinarii.- №3.- 2012.- s.32-35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verhegghe M., Pletinckx L.J., Crombe F., Vandersmissen Т., Haesebrouck F., Butaye P., Heyndrickx M., Rasschaert G./Zoonoses and Public Health. 2013. 60, № 5, 366-374;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verhegghe M., Pletinckx L.J., Crombe F., Vandersmissen T., Haesebrouck F., Butaye P., Heyndrickx M., Rasschaert G./Zoonoses and Public Health. 2013. 60, № 5, 366-374;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мойер М.У./В мире науки, 01/02.-2017.-с.136-147</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mojer M.U./V mire nauki, 01/02.-2017.-s.136-147</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гордина Е.М., Горовиц Э.С., Поспелова СВ., Афанасьевская Е.В./Мед. альм. 2014, № 2, 84-87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordina E.M., Gorovic Je.S., Pospelova SV., Afanas'evskaja E.V./Med. al'm. 2014, № 2, 84-87.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leverstein-van Hall, M.A.; Dierickx, C.M.; Stuart, J.C.; Voets, G.M.; van den Munckhof, M.P.; van Essen-Zandbergen, A.; Platteel, T.; Fluit, A.C.; van de Sande-Bruinsma, N.; Scharinga, J.; et al./Clin. Microbiol. Infect.-2011, 17, 873-880</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leverstein-van Hall, M.A.; Dierickx, C.M.; Stuart, J.C.; Voets, G.M.; van den Munckhof, M.P.; van Essen-Zandbergen, A.; Platteel, T.; Fluit, A.C.; van de Sande-Bruinsma, N.; Scharinga, J.; et al./Clin. Microbiol. Infect.-2011, 17, 873-880</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mathur S. Singh R./ Int. J. Food Microbiol.-2005, 105, 281-295.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mathur S. Singh R./ Int. J. Food Microbiol.-2005, 105, 281-295.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Statement on the update of the list of QPS-recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 1: Suitability of taxonomic units notified to EF-SA until October 2014. EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ). EFSA Journal 2014;12(12):3938.-41 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Statement on the update of the list of QPS-recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 1: Suitability of taxonomic units notified to EF-SA until October 2014. EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ). EFSA Journal 2014;12(12):3938.-41 r.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сherkasin A., Chobert J.-M., Efimochkina N., Sheveleva S., Haertle T./ European Re-searcher, 2013, vol.44, № 3-2, p.654 - 659</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sherkasin A., Chobert J.-M., Efimochkina N., Sheveleva S., Haertle T./ European Re-searcher, 2013, vol.44, № 3-2, p.654 - 659</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ховаев А.А. Разработка информационного и нормативно-методического обеспечения системы гигиенического контроля за оборотом пищевой продукции, полученной с использованием генно-инженерно-модифицированных микроорганизмов. Автореферат дисс.канд.наук.-Москва - 2011.-27 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hovaev A.A. Razrabotka informacionnogo i normativno-metodicheskogo obespechenija sistemy gigienicheskogo kontrolja za oborotom pishhevoj produkcii, poluchennoj s ispol'zovaniem genno-inzhenerno-modificirovannyh mikroorganizmov. Avtoreferat diss.kand.nauk.-Moskva - 2011.-27 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McMahon, M.A.S.; Blair, I.S.; Moore, J.E.; McDowell, D.A./J. Appl. Microbiol.-2007, 103, 1883-1888</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McMahon, M.A.S.; Blair, I.S.; Moore, J.E.; McDowell, D.A./J. Appl. Microbiol.-2007, 103, 1883-1888</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jukes H. Antimicrobial resistance : Presentation on the joint EMA/EFSA RONAFA opin-ion. Harmonisation of SPCs of antimicrobial veterinary medicines./ Joint EMA/EFSA Ro-nafa Opinion, EMA IFAH Info Day 16-17 March 2017, London. Эл. ресурс - http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Report/2017/01/WC500220032.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jukes H. Antimicrobial resistance : Presentation on the joint EMA/EFSA RONAFA opin-ion. Harmonisation of SPCs of antimicrobial veterinary medicines./ Joint EMA/EFSA Ro-nafa Opinion, EMA IFAH Info Day 16-17 March 2017, London. Jel. resurs - http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Report/2017/01/WC500220032.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Политическая декларация заседания высокого уровня Генеральной Ассамблеи по проблеме устойчивости к противомикробным препаратам, принятая резолюцией Ге-неральной Ассамблеи ООН A/RES/71/3 от 05.10.2016 г.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Politicheskaja deklaracija zasedanija vysokogo urovnja General'noj Assamblei po probleme ustojchivosti k protivomikrobnym preparatam, prinjataja rezoljuciej Ge-neral'noj Assamblei OON A/RES/71/3 ot 05.10.2016 g.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The FAO Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2016-2020. food and agriculture organ-ization of the United Nations.-Rome, 2016.- ISBN 978-92-5-109392-4.-25 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The FAO Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2016-2020. food and agriculture organ-ization of the United Nations.-Rome, 2016.- ISBN 978-92-5-109392-4.-25 r.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стратегия предупреждения распространения антимикробной резистентности на пе-риод до 2030 года. Утв. Расп. Правительства РФ от 25.09.2017 г. № 2045-р, 13 с</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strategija preduprezhdenija rasprostranenija antimikrobnoj rezistentnosti na pe-riod do 2030 goda. Utv. Rasp. Pravitel'stva RF ot 25.09.2017 g. № 2045-r, 13 s</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals ISBN 978-92-4-155013-0 © World Health Organization 2017.-88 с. Эл. ресурс - http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/258970/1/9789241550130-eng.pdf?ua=1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals ISBN 978-92-4-155013-0 © World Health Organization 2017.-88 s. Jel. resurs - http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/258970/1/9789241550130-eng.pdf?ua=1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пресс-релиз: Прекратить использование антибиотиков среди здоровых животных для предотвращения распространения устойчивости к антибиотикам./ Эл. ресурс - http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/antibiotics-animals-effectiveness/ru/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Press-reliz: Prekratit' ispol'zovanie antibiotikov sredi zdorovyh zhivotnyh dlja predotvrashhenija rasprostranenija ustojchivosti k antibiotikam./ Jel. resurs - http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/antibiotics-animals-effectiveness/ru/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
