medlitГигиена и санитарияHygiene and Sanitation0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0016-9900-2026-105-3-257-266fxcqkimedlit-5544Research ArticleГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENEСанитарно-эпидемиологическая оценка состояния почв Российской Федерации (обзор литературы)Sanitary and epidemiological assessment of the state of soils in the Russian Federation (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3794-6292СиницкаяТатьяна АлексеевнаSinitskayaTatyana A.

Доктор мед. наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, гл. науч. сотр. Центра по гигиеническому нормированию химических веществ в воздушной среде и почве, ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия

e-mail: Sinitskaya.ta@fncg.ru

DSc (Medicine), professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, chief researcher, Center for Hygienic Standardization of Chemical Substances in Air and Soil, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation

e-mail: Sinitskaya.ta@fncg.ru

Sinitskaya.ta@fncg.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8814-3086ПлетеневПавел АлександровичPletenevPavel A.

Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр., зав. отд. гигиенического нормирования и мониторинга химических веществ в почве, ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия

e-mail: Pletenev.PA@fncg.ru

PhD (Biology), senior researcher, head, Department of hygienic standardization and monitoring of chemical substances in soil, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation

e-mail: Pletenev.PA@fncg.ru

Pletenev.PA@fncg.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0219-9960БухоновАлександр ВячеславовичBukhonovAleksandr V.

Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд. гигиенического нормирования и мониторинга химических веществ в почве ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Мытищи, Россия

e-mail: Buhonov.av@fncg.ru

PhD (Biology), senior researcher, Department of hygienic standardization and monitoring of chemical substances in soil, F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation

e-mail: Buhonov.av@fncg.ru

Buhonov.av@fncg.ruФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» РоспотребнадзораРоссияFederal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. ErismanRussian Federation2026170420261053257266Copyright © Синицкая Т.А., Плетенев П.А., Бухонов А.В., 20262026Синицкая Т.А., Плетенев П.А., Бухонов А.В.Sinitskaya T.A., Pletenev P.A., Bukhonov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5544

В рамках настоящего исследования описаны результаты санитарно-эпидемиологической оценки качества почвы субъектов Российской Федерации (далее – РФ), основанные на результатах мониторинга Роспотребнадзора за последние 10 лет, как возможного фактора риска для здоровья населения. Представлен сравнительно-динамический анализ проб почвы по санитарно-химическим, микробиологическим, паразитологическим и энтомологическим показателям в субъектах РФ. Проанализированы результаты мониторинга с 2015 по 2024 г. (более 2 млн проб почв), выполнено сравнение с данными, представленными в отечественных и зарубежных источниках информации, – Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, РИНЦ и др.

Установлено снижение количества проб с неудовлетворительными показателями, что свидетельствует о положительной динамике. Значительное улучшение отмечается по санитарно-химическим и паразитологическим показателям. Однако с 2021 по 2024 г. наблюдалось увеличение доли проб, не отвечающих нормативам по микробиологическим показателям, а также имеющих остаточное загрязнение стойкими органическими загрязнителями [дихлордифенилтрихлорэтан (ДДТ) и гексахлорциклогексан (ГХЦГ)].

Анализ данных свидетельствует о необходимости усиления контроля микробиологических показателей почв, позволяющих оценивать их санитарное состояние, и содержания стойких органических загрязнителей, поскольку почва, сорбируя их, является долгосрочным хранилищем загрязняющих веществ. Эти направления стратегически важны для обеспечения санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения, достижения целей продовольственной безопасности и устойчивого развития территорий.

Вклад авторов

Вклад авторов: Синицкая Т.А. – редактирование; Плетенев П.А. – концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и анализ литературных данных, написание текста, редактирование; Бухонов А.В. – сбор и анализ литературных данных, редактирование. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Поступила

Поступила: 28.11.2025 / Принята к печати: 24.03.2026 / Опубликована: 17.04.2026

This study describes the results of a sanitary and epidemiological assessment of soil quality in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (RF), based on the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) monitoring over the past 10 years, as a potential risk factor for harm to public health. A comparative dynamic analysis of soil samples for sanitary-chemical, microbiological, parasitological, and entomological indicators in the constituent entities of the RF is presented. Monitoring results from 2015 to 2024, containing information on more than 2 million soil samples, are analyzed. The obtained results are compared with the results of scientific literature and analyzed. The information was obtained through the analysis of domestic and foreign information sources – Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, RSCI, etc.

Over the specified period, a positive trend was shown to be observed in the reduction in the number of samples with unsatisfactory indicators. Significant improvements are noted for sanitary-chemical and parasitological indicators. However, from 2021 to 2024, an increase was observed in the proportion of samples failing to meet to microbiological criteria, as well as those with residual contamination by persistent organic pollutants such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH).

The data analysis demonstrates the need to strengthen monitoring for soil microbiological parameters, which allow assessing their sanitary condition, and the content of persistent organic pollutants in soils. Soil, by absorbing these pollutants, acts as a long-term reservoir for pollutants. Under current conditions, all of the above is a strategic necessity for ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, food security, and the sustainable development of populated areas.

Contributions

Contributions: Sinitskaya T.A. – editing; Pletenev P.A. – study concept and design, literature collection and analysis, writing, editing; Bukhonov A.V. – literature collection and analysis, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received

Received: November 28, 2025 / Accepted: March 24, 2025 / Published: April 17, 2026

качество почвысанитарно-эпидемиологическое состояние почвсанитарно-химические показатели загрязнения почвымикробиологические показатели загрязнения почвыпаразитологические показатели загрязнения почвыэнтомологические показатели загрязнения почвыгеохимические провинциитяжёлые металлыприоритетные загрязняющие веществастойкие органические загрязнители почвыsoil qualitysanitary and epidemiological condition of soilssanitary and chemical indicators of soil pollutionmicrobiological indicators of soil pollutionparasitological indicators of soil pollutionentomological indicators of soil pollutiongeochemical provincesheavy metalspriority pollutantspersistent organic pollutants of soilReferencesБалева Л.С., Сипягина А.Е. Экологическая педиатрия – актуальная проблема современности. Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2020; 65(6): 6–11. https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2020-65-6-6-11 https://elibrary.ru/xxckpvBaleva L.S., Sipyagina A.E. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.