<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medlit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гигиена и санитария</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygiene and Sanitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9900</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2026-105-3-341-344</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">kqmszc</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medlit-5570</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗ ИСТОРИИ САНИТАРНОГО ДЕЛА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FROM THE HISTORY OF SANITARY AFFAIRS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Профессор Макс Петтенкофер (1818–1901) – видный немецкий учёный-гигиенист и организатор здравоохранения (к 125-летию со дня смерти)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Professor Max Pettenkofer (1818–1901) – a prominent German hygienist and health care manager (to the 125th anniversary of his death)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3838-177X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моргошия</surname><given-names>Темури Шакроевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morgoshiya</surname><given-names>Temuri Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент каф. факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России, 194100, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p><p>e-mail: temom1972@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Mdedicine), associate professor, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanov, Saint Petersburg Pediatric Medical University. Saint Petersburg, 194100, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: temom1972@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">temom1972@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калашникова</surname><given-names>Валерия Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalashnikova</surname><given-names>Valeria D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студентка СНО каф. факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России, 194100, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, the Student Scientific Society, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanov, Saint Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 194100, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азамов</surname><given-names>Мухибиллох Адхамжон угли</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azamov</surname><given-names>Mukhibillokh A. ugli</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент СНО каф. факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России, 194100, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Student Scientific Society, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanov, Saint Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 194100, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савиных</surname><given-names>Кристина Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savinykh</surname><given-names>Kristina D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студентка СНО каф. факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России, 194100, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Student Scientific Society, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanov, Saint Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 194100, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лемешко</surname><given-names>Стефания Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lemeshko</surname><given-names>Stephania V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студентка СНО каф. факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России, 194100, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Student Scientific Society, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanov, Saint Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 194100, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яхья</surname><given-names>Александр Аднанович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yahya</surname><given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент СНО каф. факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России, 194100, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Student Scientific Society, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanova, Saint Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 194100, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муталлибов</surname><given-names>Сайдулло</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mutallibov</surname><given-names>Saidullo</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент СНО каф. факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России, 194100, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Student Scientific Society, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanov, Saint Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 194100, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жихарева</surname><given-names>Мария Ивановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhikhareva</surname><given-names>Maria I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студентка СНО каф. факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России, 194100, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Student Scientific Society, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanov, Saint Petersburg Pediatric Medical University Saint Petersburg, 194100, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смольянинов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolyaninov</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент СНО каф. факультетской хирургии им. проф. А.А. Русанова ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ Минздрава России, 194100, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Student Scientific Society, Department of Faculty Surgery named after prof. A.A. Rusanov, Saint Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 194100, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>341</fpage><lpage>344</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Моргошия Т.Ш., Калашникова В.Д., Азамов М.А., Савиных К.Д., Лемешко С.В., Яхья А.А., Муталлибов С., Жихарева М.И., Смольянинов Д.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Моргошия Т.Ш., Калашникова В.Д., Азамов М.А., Савиных К.Д., Лемешко С.В., Яхья А.А., Муталлибов С., Жихарева М.И., Смольянинов Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Morgoshiya T.S., Kalashnikova V.D., Azamov M.A., Savinykh K.D., Lemeshko S.V., Yahya A.A., Mutallibov S., Zhikhareva M.I., Smolyaninov D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5570">https://www.rjhas.ru/jour/article/view/5570</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена выдающемуся немецкому учёному-новатору, врачу и гигиенисту профессору Максу фон Петтенкоферу (нем. Max Joseph von Pettenkofer) (1818–1901), принадлежавшему к научной элите XIX столетия. Приведены малоизвестные факты из жизни учёного. Отмечено, что благодаря глубокому изучению законов природы и борьбе за научную истину М. Петтенкофер оставил весомый след в науке. В области гигиены он искал пути и средства сохранения здоровья и профилактики болезней. Своей методологией последовательного применения экспериментального метода в области общественного здравоохранения М. Петтенкофер помог гигиенической дисциплине дать точные и надёжные ответы на санитарные вопросы. Так, в экспериментальной работе по гигиене М. Петтенкофер изучал различные связи между человеком и окружающей его средой. Для продуктивного движения в этом направлении М. Петтенкофер объединил прогрессивные на тот момент знания медицины с физикой, химией, техникой и статистикой. Таким образом, современное «перекрёстное мышление» сделало гигиену первой междисциплинарной медицинской наукой, и, безусловно, в этом огромная заслуга профессора М. Петтенкофера.</p><sec><title>Вклад авторов</title><p>Вклад авторов. Все соавторы внесли существенный вклад в разработку концепции, проведение исследования и подготовку статьи. Все соавторы – утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 03.05.2025 / Принята к печати: 15.10.2025 / Опубликована: 17.04.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is dedicated to the outstanding German scientist-innovator, physician, and hygienist, Professor Max von Pettenkofer (1818–1901). He belonged to the scientific elite of the 19th century. Little-known facts from the life of the scientist are given. It is noted that thanks to his rigorous search for the laws of nature and the struggle for scientific truth, M. Pettenkofer left a significant mark on science. In the field of hygiene, he looked for ways and means of maintaining health and preventing diseases. With his methodology of consistent application of the experimental method in the field of public health, M. Pettenkofer helped the hygienic discipline provide accurate and reliable answers to sanitary questions. There is analyzed circumstance that in his experimental work on hygiene, M. Pettenkofer looked for an answer to all current questions concerning the relationship between human and his environment. For productive movement in this direction, M. Pettenkofer combined then the progressive knowledge of medicine with physics, chemistry, technology, and statistics. Thus, modern “cross-thinking” made hygiene the first interdisciplinary medical field, and of course, professor M. Pettenkofer deserves a great deal of credit for this.</p><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions. All authors made substantial contributions to the conception, conduct of the study, and preparation of the article. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: May 3, 2025 / Accepted: October 15, 2025 / Published: April 17, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история гигиены</kwd><kwd>М. Петтенкофер</kwd><kwd>биография</kwd><kwd>Мюнхенская школа гигиены</kwd><kwd>холерный вибрион</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>history of hygiene</kwd><kwd>M. Pettenkofer</kwd><kwd>biography</kwd><kwd>Munich School of Hygiene</kwd><kwd>cholera vibrio</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Locher W.G. Max von Pettenkofer – life stations of a genius on the 100th anniversary of his death (February 9, 1901). Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. 2001; 203(5-6): 379–91. https://doi.org/10.1078/1438-4639-00063</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Locher W.G. Max von Pettenkofer – life stations of a genius on the 100th anniversary of his death (February 9, 1901). Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. 2001; 203(5-6): 379–91. https://doi.org/10.1078/1438-4639-00063</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voit C.V. Max von Pettenkofer on Memory. Munich: Kgl. Bayer. Academy of Science; 1902. (in German)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voit C.V. Max von Pettenkofer on Memory. Munich: Kgl. Bayer. Academy of Science; 1902. (in German)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шойфет М.С. Петтенкофер (1818–1901). В кн.: 100 великих врачей. М.: Вече; 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shoifet M.S. Pettenkofer (1818–1901). In: 100 Great Doctors [100 velikikh vrachei]. Moscow: Veche; 2008. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beyer A. Max von Pettenkofer. Berlin: VEB; 1956. (in German)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beyer A. Max von Pettenkofer. Berlin: VEB; 1956. (in German)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Штрейс А.Н. Макс Петтенкофер. Гигиена и санитария. 1969; 48(4): 48–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Streis A.N. Max Pettenkofer. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 1969; 48(4): 48–51. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Базанов В.А. Ф.Ф. Эрисман (1842–1915). Ленинград: Медицина; 1966.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bazanov V.A. F.F. Erisman (1842–1915) [F.F. Erismann (1842–1915)]. Leningrad: Meditsina; 1966. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эрисман Ф.Ф. Курс гигиены Ф.Ф. Эрисмана, ординарного профессора Московского университета. Том 1. М.; 1887–1888.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erisman F.F. Course of Hygiene of F.F. Erisman, an Ordinary Professor at Moscow University. Volume 1 [Kurs gigieny F.F. Erismana, ordinarnogo professora Moskovskogo universiteta. Tom 1]. Moscow; 1887–1888. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pettenkofer M. The Value of Health to a City: Two Lectures, Delivered in 1873. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press; 1941.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pettenkofer M. The Value of Health to a City: Two Lectures, Delivered in 1873. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press; 1941.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Years of Study of Hygiene at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich [100 Jahre Hygienestudium an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München]. München: Werk-Verlag Dr. Banaschewski; 1965. (in German)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Years of Study of Hygiene at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich [100 Jahre Hygienestudium an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München]. München: Werk-Verlag Dr. Banaschewski; 1965. (in German)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Locher W.G., Unschuld P.U. History of environmental medicine. In: Wichmann H.E., Schlipköter H.W., Füllgraff G., eds. Handbook of Environmental Medicine. Volume 1 [Handbuch der Umweltmedizin. Jahrgang 1]. Landsberg: ecomed Verlag; 2000: 1–11. (in German)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Locher W.G., Unschuld P.U. History of environmental medicine. In: Wichmann H.E., Schlipköter H.W., Füllgraff G., eds. Handbook of Environmental Medicine. Volume 1 [Handbuch der Umweltmedizin. Jahrgang 1]. Landsberg: ecomed Verlag; 2000: 1–11. (in German)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
